爆炸冲击对电子雷管发火电容释能特性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0221

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究爆炸冲击作用对电子雷管发火能量的影响,利用水下爆炸的方法对液态铝电解电容进行7组不同强度的冲击实验,研究电容在冲击载荷下的介电击穿行为和漏电流变化规律。分析电子雷管电容的能量损耗途径,建立电子雷管的冲击-发火模型,得到冲击波超压与电子雷管发火能量之间的函数关系。研究结果表明:在8.5~40.6MPa的冲击波超压作用下,实验电容样品会发生介电击穿,随着冲击波超压的增大,电容发生介电击穿时电压下降幅度呈指数级增长;当冲击波超压超过某一临界值时,电容发生介电击穿后无法完全自愈,漏电流增大到毫安级,均值为1.62mA;随着冲击波强度的增大,电子雷管发火能量逐渐减小,并在漏电流增大时发火能量出现骤降。

关键词: 电子雷管, 铝电解电容, 水下爆炸, 介电击穿, 漏电流

Abstract:

In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of explosion impact on the ignition energy of electronic detonator,seven sets of impact experiments with different strengths are made for liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors by underwater explosion method.The dielectric breakdown behavior and leakage current change rule of capacitor under impact load are studied,and the energy loss path of electronic detonator capacitor is analyzed.An impact-ignition model of electronic detonator is established.The functional relationship between shock wave overpressure and ignition energy is obtained.The results show that the dielectric breakdown of capacitor sample occurs under the shock wave overpressure of 8.5-40.6MPa,and the voltage drop increases exponentially with the increase in shock wave overpressure.When the shock wave overpressure is greater than a critical value,the capacitor cannot heal completely after dielectric breakdown,and the leakage current increases to the mA level with an average value of 1.62mA.The ignition energy of electronic detonator decreases gradually with the increase in shock wave intensity,and when the leakage current increases,the ignition energy drops sharply.

Key words: electronic detonator, aluminum electrolytic capacitor, underwater explosion, dielectric breakdown, leakage current

中图分类号:

TM53
O347.3

李洪伟, 王家乐, 梁昊, 周恩, 孙翼, 章万龙, 郭子如. 爆炸冲击对电子雷管发火电容释能特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240221-.

LI Hongwei, WANG Jiale, LIANG Hao, ZHOU En, SUN Yi, ZHANG Wanlong, GUO Ziru. Effect of Explosion Shock on the Energy Release Characteristics of Ignition Capacitance of Electronic Detonator[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240221-.

图/表 14

图1 测试电路示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of test circuit

图2 爆炸水池内部布置

Fig.2 Explosive pool interior layout

图3 实验现场布局

Fig.3 Experimental site layout

表1 实验方案

Table 1 Experimental scheme

实验编号	冲击距离/ cm	超压(计算值)/MPa	实验次数
1	12.5	40.6	3
2	15	33.1
3	20	23.9
4	25	18.6
5	30	15.1
6	40	10.9
7	50	8.5

图4 充电电流-电压变化曲线图

Fig.4 Charging current-voltage curve of capacitor

图5 介电击穿与正常状态下的充电电流对比

Fig.5 Comparison of charging currents under dielectric breakdown and normal state

图6 不同冲击强度下的充电电流曲线

Fig.6 Charging current curves under different impact strength

表2 不同冲击强度下的充电电流峰值

Table 2 Peak values of charging current under different impact strengths

冲击距离/ cm	充电电流峰值/A			均值/A
冲击距离/ cm	第1次实验	第2次实验	第3次实验	均值/A
12.5	0.331	0.279	0.341	0.317
15	0.245	0.233	0.180	0.219
20	0.128	0.0970	0.129	0.118
25	0.0604	0.0657	0.0303	0.0521
30	0.0236	0.0292	0.0334	0.0287
40	0.00721	0.00187	0.0128	0.00729
50	0.000900	0.00357	0.00552	0.00333

图7 电流峰值与冲击波超压的关系

Fig.7 The relationship between peak current and shock wave overpressure

表3 不同冲击强度下电容的漏电流积分均值

Table3 The integrated mean values of leakage current of capacitor under different impact strengths

实验编号	冲击波超压/MPa	充电电流峰值/A	漏电流积分均值/A
1-1	40.6	0.331	0.00132
1-2		0.279	0.00129
1-3		0.341	0.00186
2-1	33.1	0.245	0.00215
2-2		0.233	0.00169
2-3		0.180	0.00163
3-1	23.9	0.128	0.00193
3-2		0.0970	0.00102
3-3		0.129	0.00172
4-1	18.6	0.0604	0.000102
4-2		0.0657	0.00179
4-3		0.0303	0.0000872
5-1	15.1	0.0236	0.0000472
5-2		0.0292	0.0000441
5-3		0.0334	0.000349
6-1	10.9	0.00721	0.0000577
6-2		0.00187	0.0000559
6-3		0.0128	0.0000624
7-1	8.5	0.000900	0.0000439
7-2		0.00357	0.0000468
7-3		0.00552	0.0000434

图8 漏电流积分均值-峰值电流关系散点图

Fig.8 Scatter diagram of leakage current integrated mean-peak current relationship

图9 发火电路模型

Fig.9 Ignition circuit model

图10 电子雷管受冲击时段划分示意图

Fig.10 Impact time division of electronic detonator

图11 冲击波超压与发火能量函数关系曲线

Fig11 function relation between shock wave overpressure and ignition energy

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