水下爆炸载荷下金字塔夹芯板抗冲击性能及破坏模式研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0147

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究金属夹芯板在水下爆炸冲击下的动态响应和抗冲击性能,对提升舰船防护能力有重要意义。利用等效水下爆炸冲击加载实验装置对金字塔点阵夹芯板进行实验,得到其动态响应规律;结合Abaqus流-固耦合仿真对实验进行计算,结果与实验误差较小,验证了仿真的有效性,得到了金字塔夹芯板动态响应的三个阶段特征。通过后面板变形和芯层塑性吸能评估了夹芯板的抗冲击性能。针对不同参数的夹芯板,利用仿真分析了其不同的破坏模式;利用多目标优化方法对金字塔芯层参数进行优化。研究结果表明:夹芯板面板总厚度一定时,拥有较薄前面板和较厚后面板的夹芯板抗冲击性能更强;不同粗细的金字塔杆件组成的芯层破坏模式不同,但后面板变形相近;芯层的塑性吸能占比随着冲击载荷的增大而减小;优化后的夹芯板抗冲击性能显著提升,优化结果对金字塔夹芯板的设计具有指导意义。

关键词: 水下爆炸, 金字塔夹芯板, CEL流-固耦合仿真, 抗冲击性能

Abstract:

Studying the dynamic response and impact resistance of metal sandwich panels subjected to underwater explosion is of great significance for improving the protection capability of ships. An equivalent loading device for underwater explosion impact experiment is used for the pyramid lattice sandwich panel, and the dynamic response law of the panel is obtained. The Abaqus coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method is adopted to calculate the impact process, and the error between the calculated results and the experimental data is small. The validity of the simulation is verified. The three-stage characteristics of the dynamic response of the pyramid sandwich panel is acquired. The impact resistance of the sandwich panel is evaluated through the deformation of the back plate and the plastic energy absorption of the core layer. The different failure modes of the sandwich panels with different parameters are analyzed by simulations. The results show that: when the total thickness of the sandwich panel is constant, the impact resistance of the sandwich panel with a thinner front panel and a thicker back panel is stronger; the failure modes of the core layer composed of pyramid rods with different thicknesses vary, but the deformations of the back panels are similar; the plastic energy absorption ratio of the core layer decreases with the increase of impact load; the multi-objective optimization method is used to optimize the parameters of the core layer. The conclusion is that the impact resistance of the optimized sandwich panel is significantly improved, and the optimization results have guiding significance for the design of pyramid sandwich panels.

Key words: underwater explosion, pyramid sandwich panel, coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation, impact resistance

李富荣, 荣吉利, 王玺, 陈子超, 韦振乾, 赵自通. 水下爆炸载荷下金字塔夹芯板抗冲击性能及破坏模式研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 1954-1965.

LI Furong, RONG Jili, WANG Xi, CHEN Zichao, WEI Zhenqian, ZHAO Zitong. Research on Impact Resistance and Failure Modes of Pyramid Sandwich Panel Subjected to Underwater Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1954-1965.

图/表 30

图1 等效水下爆炸冲击加载装置

Fig.1 Equivalent underwater explosion impact loading device

图2 金字塔夹芯板

Fig.2 Pyramid sandwich panel

图3 线切割示意图

Fig.3 WEDM diagram

图4 有限元仿真模型

Fig.4 Finite element simulation model

表1 水的状态方程参数

Table 1 Equation of state parameters for water

参数	ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	C/(m·s^-1)	S
数值	998.5	1490	1.92

图5 芯层网格示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the core layer meshes

图6 金字塔夹芯板有限元模型

Fig.6 Finite element model of pyramid sandwich panel

表2 6061-T6 Johnson-Cook参数

Table 2 AL6061-T6 Johnson-Cook parameters

材料	A/MPa	B/MPa	C	n	m	t_m/K
6061-T6	293.4	121.2	0.002	0.23	1.34	923

图7 A、B测点实验值与仿真值对比

Fig.7 Comparison of experimental values at points A and B with simulation values

表3 测点A、B峰值压力实验与仿真对比

Table 3 Peak pressure comparison of points A and B

测点	实验值/MPa	仿真值/MPa	误差/%
测点A	62.75	54.91	12.5
测点B	36.29	39.35	8.43

表4 不同网格下后面板变形及运算时间对比

Table 4 Comparisons of back panel deformation and operation time under different meshes

网格尺寸/mm	后面板中心点位移/mm	运算时间/s
0.50	16.15	22 070
0.35	16.58	40 359
0.25	16.76	70 197

图8 不同时刻后面板变形情况

Fig.8 Deformation of back panel at different times

图9 后面板中心点位移

Fig.9 Center point displacement of back panel

图10 夹芯板变形时程曲线

Fig.10 Deformation-time history curves of sandwich panel

图11 夹芯板塑性应变能时程曲线

Fig.11 Plastic strain energy-time history curves of sandwich panel

图12 金字塔夹芯板变形情况(左为仿真结果,右为实验结果)

Fig.12 Pyramid sandwich panel deformation (left: simulation results; right: experimental results)

图13 金字塔芯层破坏模式(上为实验结果,下为仿真结果)

Fig.13 Pyramid core failure modes (top: simulation results; bottom: experimental results)

表5 金字塔夹芯板与实心板变形结果

Table 5 Deformation results of pyramid sandwich panel and solid panel

靶板类型	靶板质量/g	靶板背部中心点位移/mm
金字塔夹芯板	410.5	16.15
实心铝板	410.5	26.86

表6 不同工况后面板变形实验与仿真结果

Table 6 Deformations of sandwich panels with different thickness

飞片厚度/ mm	飞片速度/ (m·s^-1)	杆件横截面边长/mm	实验结果/ mm	仿真结果/ mm
8	113.07	1.0	15.85	16.15
5	200.96	2.0	19.38	19.14
5	124.32	3.0	10.60	10.40
5	123.98	1.5	12.45	12.36

图14 夹芯板B变形情况(左为芯层,右为芯层及前面板)

Fig.14 Deformation of sandwich panel B (left: core layer; right: core layer and front panel)

表7 不同厚度面板夹芯板变形情况

Table 7 Deformations of sandwich panels with different thicknesses

参数	夹芯板编号
参数	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
前面板厚度/mm	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3
后面板厚度/mm	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.7
后面板变形/mm	16.34	16.72	17.04	16.15	16.76	17.88	18.58
芯层塑性应变能/J	288.6	289.0	292.0	284.7	281.2	279.1	262.2

表8 相同无量纲冲量下夹芯板变形情况

Table 8 Deformations of sandwich panels under the same dimensionless impulse

参数	夹芯板编号
参数	8	4	9
前面板厚度/mm	0.8	1.0	1.2
后面板厚度/mm	0.8	1.0	1.2
飞片速度/m·s^-1	92.14	113.07	133.45
后面板变形/mm	13.78	16.15	16.47

表9 不同芯层在相同载荷下的仿真结果

Table 9 Simulation results of different core layers under the same load

杆件横截面边长/mm	前面板位移/mm	后面板位移/mm	芯层压缩量/mm	芯层塑性应变能/J	芯层吸能百分比/%
1	30.16	16.15	14.01	207.63	39.66
2	19.88	17.00	2.88	357.74	37.55

表10 不同芯层在相同无量纲冲量下的结果

Table 10 Results of different core layers under the same dimensionless impulse

杆件横截面边长/mm	飞片速度/ (m·s^-1)	后面板位移/mm	芯层压缩量/mm	芯层塑性应变能/J	芯层吸能百分比/%
1	113.07	16.15	14.01	207.63	39.66
2	141.58	21.06	4.51	420.01	31.45

图15 不同飞片速度下夹芯板A后面板变形

Fig.15 Deformation of the back panel of panel A under different flyer velocities

图16 不同飞片速度下芯层塑性变形能占比

Fig.16 Ratio of plastic deformation energy of core layer at different flyer velocities

图17 LHS抽样结果

Fig.17 LHS sampling results

表11 LHS抽样点及对应变形结果

Table 11 LHS sampling points and corresponding deformations results

序号	b/mm	d/mm	h/mm	u/mm	序号	b/mm	d/mm	h/mm	u/mm
1	1.34	1.09	10.2	20.5	31	1.7	1.76	15.1	10.5
2	1.51	1.54	10.3	15.4	32	1.09	1.8	15.4	10.3
3	1.20	1.84	10.4	12.1	33	1.88	1.55	15.5	12.2
4	1.09	0.90	10.6	24.5	34	1.84	1.31	15.5	13.8
5	1.89	1.27	10.6	17.3	35	1.28	1.74	15.8	11.2
6	1.92	1.45	10.8	15.4	36	1.50	1.49	16.0	12.0
7	1.24	0.96	11.1	23.3	37	1.49	1.69	16.1	10.8
8	1.74	1.19	11.4	18.2	38	1.82	1.01	16.1	24.1
9	1.99	1.86	11.5	13.7	39	1.41	1.01	16.3	18.7
10	1.18	1.29	11.6	15.0	40	1.16	0.98	16.5	19.5
11	1.65	1.40	11.8	15.4	41	1.36	1.08	16.6	16.3
12	1.94	1.61	12.0	14.7	42	1.51	1.41	16.8	12.1
13	1.00	1.55	12.1	12.8	43	1.97	1.60	17.2	11.2
14	1.18	0.94	12.4	21.7	44	1.96	1.78	17.2	9.80
15	1.74	1.52	12.5	14.1	45	1.53	1.58	17.3	11.3
16	1.80	1.11	12.6	19.0	46	1.81	1.35	17.6	12.5
17	1.06	0.95	12.7	20.0	47	1.63	1.22	18.0	14.5
18	1.11	1.44	12.9	12.8	48	1.44	1.85	18.0	10.0
19	1.56	1.40	13.0	15.0	49	1.43	1.70	18.0	10.8
20	1.04	0.95	13.4	22.3	50	1.25	1.67	18.1	11.5
21	1.62	1.26	13.5	15.7	51	1.26	1.49	18.5	12.5
22	1.39	1.23	13.6	15.6	52	1.30	1.13	18.6	17.2
23	1.14	1.43	13.7	12.5	53	1.33	1.34	18.6	14.2
24	1.58	1.17	13.8	18.2	54	1.80	1.11	18.9	15.9
25	1.77	1.89	14.0	11.1	55	1.14	1.06	19.1	19.0
26	1.92	1.20	14.1	18.2	56	1.67	1.03	19.3	16.4
27	1.87	1.67	14.3	12.1	57	1.66	1.89	19.4	10.0
28	1.37	1.37	14.7	13.3	58	1.04	1.81	19.6	11.3
29	1.46	1.19	14.8	14.7	59	1.69	1.64	19.9	9.98
30	1.24	1.75	14.9	11.0	60	1.57	1.63	19.9	11.7

图18 Pareto最优解

Fig.18 Pareto optimal solution

表12 部分最优解预测值与仿真值对比

Table 12 Comparison of partial optimal solution prediction and simulation values

编号	b/mm	d/mm	h/mm	预测结果/mm	仿真结果/mm	误差/ %
1	1.00	0.90	20.0	24.05	24.57	2.12
2	2.00	1.89	19.4	8.67	8.99	3.56
3	1.65	1.50	20.0	11.15	11.72	4.86
4	1.55	1.38	20.0	12.35	12.56	1.67
5	1.47	1.30	20.0	13.41	13.17	1.82

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