铝粉燃烧对CL-20基混合炸药水下爆炸载荷特性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0128

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究CL-20基混合炸药中铝粉长时序燃烧过程对水下爆炸载荷的供能机理,基于水下爆炸罐开展含铝炸药和含氟化锂炸药的水下爆炸对比实验,分析获得铝粉燃烧对冲击波和气泡载荷的影响规律。研究结果表明:CL-20基混合炸药中铝粉的燃烧释放了大量能量,提高了冲击波压力峰值和冲击波能,同时降低了冲击波的衰减速率;相比于含氟化锂炸药,由于CL-20基含铝炸药中铝粉在炸药爆炸后燃反应,使得其火焰亮度更高,铝粉后燃反应时间超过1ms;铝粉的燃烧可提高气泡最大半径、气泡脉动周期和气泡能,CL-20基含铝炸药最大气泡半径比CL-20基含氟化锂炸药最大气泡半径提高了11.89%,第1次气泡脉动周期提高了25.74%,含铝炸药达到最大半径的对应时刻比含氟化锂炸药延迟了5.20ms;由于铝粉在气泡脉动阶段持续供能,CL-20基含铝炸药气泡脉动半径变化速率高于含氟化锂炸药,降低了气泡的收缩速率,延长了气泡的收缩阶段持续时间,CL-20基含铝炸药气泡脉动过程在时间上具有非对称性。

关键词: CL-20基混合炸药, 水下爆炸, 铝粉燃烧, 含氟化锂炸药, 冲击波, 气泡

Abstract:

The energy supply mechanism of aluminum powders of the aluminized explosives on the underwater explosion load in the long-time sequence combustion process is studied.The comparison experiments of underwater explosions of aluminized explosives and lithium fluoride-containing explosives are made based on the underwater explosion tank.The influence of aluminum powder combustion on the shock wave and bubble load is analyzed.The results show that the combustion of aluminium powders in CL-20-based mixed explosives releases a large amount of energy,increases the peak shock wave pressure and shock wave energy,and reduces the decay rate of the shock wave.Compared with lithium fluoride-containing explosives,the aluminium powder in CL-20-based aluminized explosives has a higher flame brightness due to its afterburning reaction during explosion,and the afterburning reaction time of the aluminium powder is more than 1ms.The combustion of aluminium powder can increase the maximum radius of the bubble,bubble pulsation period and bubble energy.The maximum bubble radius of CL-20-based aluminized explosives is 11.89% higher than that of CL-20-based lithium fluoride-containing explosives,and the first bubble pulsation period is increased by 25.74%.CL-20-based aluminized explosive reaches its maximum radius with a delay of 5.20ms compared to CL-20-based lithium fluoride-containing explosives.In addition,the rate of change of the bubble pulsation radius of aluminized explosives is higher than that of lithium fluoride-containing explosives due to the continuous energy supply of aluminum powder at the bubble pulsation stage.Moreover,the contraction rate of bubble is reduced,and the duration of the contraction phase of bubble is increased.It is shown that the bubble pulsation process of aluminized explosives has “asymmetry” in time.

Key words: CL-20-based mixed explosives, underwater explosion, aluminum powder combustion, lithium fluoride-containing explosives, shock wave, bubble

中图分类号:

TJ55

刘正, 聂建新, 阚润哲, 杨金想, 谭彦威, 郭学永, 闫石. 铝粉燃烧对CL-20基混合炸药水下爆炸载荷特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240128-.

LIU Zheng, NIE Jianxin, KAN Runzhe, YANG Jinxiang, TAN Yanwei, GUO Xueyong, YAN Shi. Effect of Aluminum Powder Combustion on the Underwater Explosion Load Characteristics of CL-20-based Mixed Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240128-.

图/表 13

表1 实验样品组成

Table 1 Composition of the experimental samples

样品编号	质量分数/%				尺寸/ mm	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	质量/ g	D₅₀/ μm
样品编号	CL-20	铝	氟化锂	粘结剂	尺寸/ mm	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	质量/ g	D₅₀/ μm
C-Ⅰ	70	24	0	6	ϕ20× 24±0.5	1.93	15	2
C-Ⅱ	70	0	24	6	ϕ20× 24±0.5	1.93	15	2

图1 样品及组装方式

Fig.1 Samples and assembly method

图2 水下爆炸实验装置

Fig.2 Underwater explosive experimental device

图3 水下爆炸典型压力时程曲线

Fig.3 Typical pressure-time curve for underwater explosion

表2 实验结果

Table 2 Experimental results

样品编号	R/ m	Δp/ MPa	E_s/ (MJ·kg^-1)	t_b/ ms	E_b/ (MJ·kg^-1)	E_t/ (MJ·kg^-1)
C-Ⅰ	0.6	17.77	1.59	78.17	4.44	6.03
C-Ⅰ	1.2	8.89	1.38	78.12	4.43	5.81
C-Ⅱ	0.6	15.24	1.06	62.17	2.23	3.29
C-Ⅱ	1.2	7.86	0.94	62.17	2.24	3.18

图4 冲击波压力时程曲线

Fig.4 Shockwave pressure-time curve

图5 冲击波压力衰减拟合曲线

Fig.5 Shockwave pressure decay fitting curve

图6 气泡脉动压力时程曲线

Fig.6 bubble pulsation pressure-time curve

图7 水下爆炸总能量及能量结构

Fig.7 Total energy and energy structure of an underwater explosion

图8 CL-20基含铝炸药(左)和CL-20基含氟化锂炸药(右)气泡脉动过程

Fig.8 Pulsation processes of bubbles of CL-20-based aluminized explosives(left) and CL-20-based lithium fluoride-containing explosives(right)

图9 气泡脉动半径-时间曲线

Fig.9 r-t curve of bubble pulsation

图10 气泡脉动半径变化速率

Fig.10 Rate of change of bubble pulsation radius

表3 水下爆炸最大半径及对应时刻

Table 3 Maximum radius of underwater explosion and corresponding moment

样品编号	最大半径/mm	最大半径对应时刻/ms
C-Ⅰ	419.15	35.20
C-Ⅱ	374.60	29.80

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