水下爆炸作用下多舱室结构的动力响应及损伤特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究近水面条件下,水下爆炸载荷强度及爆炸距离等因素对多舱室结构损伤特性的影响,开展多舱室结构的水下爆炸试验,结合S-ALE结构化瞬态流固耦合的数值模拟方法,对近水面爆炸时流场压力载荷的传递分布、结构的动态响应和损伤特性进行分析。基于不同爆炸强度、距离的多工况数值模拟,阐明水下爆炸载荷对多舱室结构的损伤机理,获得爆距变化时冲击波以及气泡载荷冲击做功的比例关系,总结了多舱室结构在爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应特征以及毁伤模式。研究结果表明:多舱室结构会产生剪切破口、撕裂、凹陷塑性变形、压溃屈曲等耦合损伤形式,结构损伤的不连续性和非线性变形引起爆炸气泡的不对称膨胀运动,导致舱室内压力分布呈现冲击波特征和准静态特征;冲击波和气泡载荷共同引起多舱室结构的局部损伤和整体响应,气泡载荷引起的结构动能增长幅度约50%以上。

关键词: 水下爆炸, 多舱室结构, 动力响应, 损伤模式, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The underwater blast tests of multi-cabin structures are conducted to investigate the effects of underwater blast load intensity and blast distance on the damage characteristics of multi-cabin structures under near-surface conditions. The numerical simulation method of S-ALE structured fluid-structure coupling is used to analyze the transfer distribution of flow field pressure load, and the dynamic response and damage characteristics of structures during the near-surface blast. The damage mechanism of underwater blast lioad against multi-cabin structures is claritied based on the numerical simulations of different blast intensities and distances, and the proportion of work done by shock wave and bubble load during the change of blast distance is obtained. The dynamic response characteristics and damage modes of multi-cabin structures under blast load are summarized. The result show that the multi-cabin structure produces the coupled damage forms, such as shear breach, tearing, depression plastic deformation, crush buckling, etc. The damage discontinuity and nonlinear deformation of the structure damage cause the asymmetric expansion motion of explosion bubble, resulting in the pressure distribution in the compartment showing shock wave characteristics and quasi-static characteristics; the shock wave and bubble load together cause the local damage and overall response of multi-cabin structure, and the bubble load induces the structural kinetic energy growth of about 50% or more.

Key words: underwater explosion, multi-cabin structure, dynamic response, damage mode, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TJ410

成乐乐, 黄风雷, 武海军, 田思晨, 陈文戈. 水下爆炸作用下多舱室结构的动力响应及损伤特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3562-3579.

CHENG Lele, HUANG Fenglei, WU Haijun, TIAN Sichen, CHEN Wenge. Research on Dynamic Response and Damage Characteristics of Multi-cabin Structure under the Impact of Underwater Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3562-3579.

图/表 46

图1 多舱室结构尺寸示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of multi-cabin structure

图2 多舱室结构的示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of multi-cabin structure

图3 水下爆炸试验布置示意图

Fig.3 Underwater explosion test arrangement diagram

图4 试验布置图

Fig.4 Side view of test arrangement

图5 Q345E钢准静态拉伸试验及其真实应力-应变曲线

Fig.5 Quasi-static tensile test of Q345E steel and its true stress-strain curve

表1 水下爆炸试验工况

Table 1 Underwater explosion test conditions

工况	试验模型	炸药材料	炸药重量/g	爆距/mm
1	多舱室结构	GUHL	360	270
2	多舱室结构	GUHL	720	270

图6 数值模拟的有限元模型

Fig.6 Finite element model for numerical simulation

表2 水的状态方程

Table 2 Equation of state of water

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	D/(m·s^-1)	S₁	S₂	S₃	γ₀	α
1.025	1480	2.56	-1.986	0.2268	0.4934	0

表3 空气的状态方程

Table 3 Equation of state of air

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	c₀	c₁	c₂	c₃	c₄	c₅	c₆	γ	E₀/MPa
1.292×10^-3	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	1.4	0.25

表4 GUHL炸药的状态方程

Table 4 Equation of state for GUHL explosive

ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	D/ (m·s^-1)	p_CJ / GPa	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/ MPa
1.8	6200	17.3	804.543	12.678	5.442	1.416	0.125	9.5

表5 Q345E钢的材料参数

Table 5 Material parameters of Q345E steel

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	v	σ_y/MPa	E_t/MPa	ε_f
7.85	207	0.3	415.6	1547	0.2

图7 有限元模型网格划分示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of finite element model meshing

图8 工况1的冲击波压力曲线

Fig.8 Shock wave pressure curve for Case 1

图9 数值模拟收敛性分析

Fig.9 Convergence analysis of numerical simulation

图10 工况1 多舱室结构损伤结果

Fig.10 Case 1 test results for multi-cabin structure

图11 横舱壁和甲板局部损伤对比

Fig.11 Local damage to transverse bulkheads and decks

图12 工况1外板变形的对比

Fig.12 Comparison of outer plate deformations in Case 1

图13 工况2多舱室结构的损伤对比

Fig.13 Damage comparison of multi-cabin structure in Case 2

图14 工况2多舱室结构局部损伤对比

Fig.14 Local damage comparison of multi-cabin structures in Case 2

图15 局部损伤的试验与数值模拟对比

Fig.15 Comparison of experimental and numerically simulated results of local damage

图16 工况2外板破口和底板变形的轮廓

Fig.16 Comparison of the contours of the outer panel breach and the bottom panel deformation in Case 2

图17 工况1和工况2在3ms时刻的流场压力云图

Fig.17 Pressure contours of flow field at 3ms in Case 1 and Case 2

表6 工况1的流场压力云图

Table 6 Flow field pressure clouds in Case 1

表7 工况2的流场压力云图

Table 7 Pressure contours of flow field in Case 2

图18 多舱室结构不同部件的应变

Fig.18 Strain on different components of multi-cabin structures

图19 工况1和工况2结构内空气的速度云图

Fig.19 Velocity contoures of air surges in Case 1 and Case 2

图20 气泡膨胀半径随时间的变化关系

Fig.20 Variation of bubble expansion radius with time

图21 工况1和2中多舱室结构对称剖面的压力云图

Fig.21 Pressure contours of multi-cabin structure profiles in Cases 1 and 2

图22 结构内舱室的压力时程曲线

Fig.22 Pressure-time curves of cabin

表8 水下爆炸对多舱室结构的动态损伤过程

Table 8 Dynamic damage process of multi-cabin structure under underwater explosion

图23 外板塞块对内部的冲击作用

Fig.23 Impact effect of outer plate plug block

图24 不同部件塞块的速度曲线

Fig.24 Velocity profiles of punch plug breakers

图25 多舱室结构外板的位移云图

Fig.25 Displacement contours of outer plate of multi-cabin structure

图26 外板的速度-时程曲线

Fig.26 Velocity-time curve of outer plate

表9 多舱室结构各部件的损伤对比

Table 9 Damage comparison of each component of multi-cabin structure

表10 各部件的损伤变形值

Table 10 Damage and deformation datamm

部件	工况1	工况2
底板	192.3	265.0
甲板01	287.1	566.2
甲板02	176.8	332.7
甲板03	29.2	49.9
纵舱壁01	32.2	367.1
纵舱壁02	7.0	90.6
横舱壁01	238.6	408.8
横舱壁02	185.5	329.9
横舱壁03	8.7	7.6

图27 工况1和工况2中多舱室结构的动能

Fig.27 Kinetic internal energies of multi-cabin structures in Cases 1 and 2

表11 数值模拟扩展工况

Table 11 Extended cases for numerical simulation

工况	炸药质量/g	爆距/mm
EC1	360	170、270、370、470、570、670
EC2	720

图28 工况EC1不同爆距时多舱室结构的损伤结果(右侧为应变云图)

Fig.28 Damage results of multi-cabin structures at different blast distances in EC1 (right side: strain contour)

图29 工况EC 2不同爆距时多舱室结构的损伤结果(右侧为应变云图)

Fig.29 Damage results of multi-cabin structures at different blast distances in EC 2 (right side: strain contour)

图30 工况EC1和EC2不同爆距时结构外板的最大变形轮廓线

Fig.30 Maximum deformation contour of outer plate of the structure at different blast distances in EC1 & EC2

图31 外板损伤范围(挠度大于50mm)随爆距的变化情况

Fig.31 Exterior plate damage range (deflection>50mm) vs. blast distance

图32 外板损伤面积随比例距离的变化关系

Fig.32 Variation of damage area of outer plate with proportional distance

图33 工况EC2中多舱室结构的动能时程曲线

Fig.33 Kinetic energy-time curves of multi-cabin structure in EC2

图34 多舱室结构动能与冲击波、气泡载荷的对应关系

Fig.34 Kinetic energy change of the structure

表12 多舱室结构的4种毁伤模式

Table 12 4 damage mode of multi-cabin structures

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