水下爆炸冲击波和气泡载荷对典型圆柱壳结构的毁伤特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0598

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究近场爆炸冲击波及气泡载荷对缩比后的鱼雷典型圆柱壳结构的毁伤特性,并探讨装药距离、装药方位等相关参数对圆柱壳结构变形特征及毁伤特性的影响规律,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉算法对近场爆炸冲击波及气泡载荷对圆柱壳结构的毁伤特性进行了数值模拟分析。将壁面附近爆炸气泡演化过程的仿真结果和试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值模拟方法的有效性。利用该数值分析方法对多组不同装药距离和装药方位下的爆炸过程进行了研究,深入分析了冲击波、气泡脉动载荷及射流载荷等不同形式载荷对圆柱壳结构的毁伤作用机理。研究结果表明:冲击波对圆柱壳结构的毁伤效果受装药距离的影响较为明显,装药距离的增大会急剧削弱冲击波在圆柱壳上造成的破坏,而圆柱壳的方位改变对冲击波的毁伤作用影响较小;水射流载荷对圆柱壳结构产生的毁伤受方位因素的影响较为明显,当药包位于圆柱壳下方时圆柱壳迎爆面在气泡脉动及射流载荷联合作用下产生的塑性应变最大。

关键词: 水下爆炸, 圆柱壳, 应力应变, 爆距, 气泡脉动

Abstract:

To investigate the damage characteristics of the near-field explosion shock wave load and bubble load on the typical cylindrical shell structure of a scaled-down torpedo, the ALE method was conducted and the effects of explosion distance and charge position on the deformation and damage characteristics of the cylindrical shell structure were explored. The validity of the numerical simulation method was verified by comparing it with the experimental results of the evolution process of the explosion bubble near the wall. The interaction between the explosion bubble and the cylindrical shell was studied under different explosion distances and charge positions, and the damage mechanism of different forms of load such the shock wave, bubble pulsation, and water jet on the cylindrical shell structure was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the damage effect of the shock wave on the cylindrical shell structure is strongly influenced by explosion distance; the increase of explosion distance sharply weakens the damage caused by the shock wave on the cylindrical shell, while the charge position of the cylindrical shell has a weaker effect on the damage of the shock wave; the damage to the cylindrical shell is significantly influenced by charge position; when the charge is arranged below the cylindrical shell, the shell generated the maximum plastic strain under the combined effects of bubble pulsation and water jet.

Key words: underwater explosion, cylindrical shell, stress and strain, explosion distance, bubble pulsation

中图分类号:

张轶凡, 刘亮涛, 王金相, 李恒, 唐奎. 水下爆炸冲击波和气泡载荷对典型圆柱壳结构的毁伤特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(2): 345-359.

ZHANG Yifan, LIU Liangtao, WANG Jinxiang, LI Heng, TANG Kui. Damage Characteristics of Underwater Explosion Shock Wave and Bubble Load on Typical Cylindrical Shell Structure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(2): 345-359.

图/表 26

图1 各部分网格划分

Fig.1 Meshing of various parts

图2 数值模拟计算模型示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of numerical simulation model

表1 各部分网格数量

Table 1 The number of grids in each part

空气域	水域	圆柱壳	总计
71824	5045636	4508	5121968

表2 铝合金材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of aluminum alloy

ρ_Al/(kg·m^-3)	G₀/Pa	μ	T_m/K	c_v/(J·Kg^-1·K^-1)	A/Pa	B/Pa	n	C	m	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
2780	2.86×10¹⁰	0.34	775	875	2.4×10⁸	4.26×10⁸	0.34	0.015	1	0.13	0.13	-1.5	0.011	0

表3 水的材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of water

ρ_w/ (kg·m^-3)	c_w/ (m·s^-1)	S₁	S₂	S₃	γ₀	α	E_w/Pa
1000	1480	1.921	-0.096	0	0.35	0	2.895×10⁵

表4 空气材料参数

Table 4 Material parameters of air

ρ_a/(kg·m^-3)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	E_a/Pa
1.29	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	2.5×10⁵

表5 TNT材料参数

Table 5 Material parameters of TNT

A_t/Pa	B_t/Pa	R₁	R₂	ω	E_t/(J·kg^-1)
3.712×10¹¹	3.23×10⁹	4.15	0.95	0.3	3.8×10⁶

图3 不同时刻下气泡形态的实验与数值模拟结果对比

Fig.3 Comparison of experimental and numerical results of bubble shape

表6 计算工况

Table 6 Simulation conditions

工况编号	参数
工况编号	药量/g	爆炸水深/m	药包相对圆柱壳位置	圆柱壳相对药包距离/m
1	27.0	2.7	下方	0.05
2	27.0	2.7	下方	0.10
3	27.0	2.7	下方	0.15
4	27.0	2.7	下方	0.20
5	27.0	2.7	下方	0.25
6	27.0	2.7	下方	0.30

图4 爆距为0.05m工况下的不同时刻爆炸气泡与圆柱壳相互作用效果

Fig.4 Interaction between the explosion bubble and the cylindrical shell under the explosion distance of 0.05m

图5 圆柱壳迎爆面应力、应变及流场压力、速度变化情况

Fig.5 Response of cylindrical shell and flow field

图6 不同爆距下爆炸气泡对圆柱壳的作用效果

Fig.6 Interaction between the explosive bubbles and the cylindrical shell under different explosion distances

图7 不同爆距下迎爆面单元挠度变化情况

Fig.7 Deflections of the cylindrical shell under different explosion distances

图8 气泡第1次脉动周期大小随爆距变化情况

Fig.8 Variation of the first bubble pulsation period with explosion distance

图9 迎爆面压力及距TNT药包0.1m处观察点流场速度随时间变化情况

Fig.9 Pressure on the explosion face and velocity of the flow field at the observation point with time

图10 不同爆距下圆柱壳结构在冲击波作用下的塑性应变情况

Fig.10 Plastic strain of the cylindrical shell induced by shock wave under different explosion distances

图11 不同爆距下圆柱壳结构在冲击波及气泡载荷作用下的塑性应变情况

Fig.11 Plastic strain of the cylindrical shell induced by shock wave and bubble load under different explosion distances

图12 圆柱壳迎爆面峰值应力、挠度随爆距变化情况

Fig.12 Variation of peak stress and peak deflection of the cylindrical shell induced with the explosion distance

表7 计算工况

Table 7 Calculation conditions

工况编号	参数
工况编号	药量/g	爆炸水深/ m	圆柱壳相对药包距离/m	药包相对圆柱壳位置
1	27.0	2.7	0.10	下方
2	27.0	2.7	0.10	上方
3	27.0	2.7	0.10	侧方

图13 TNT药包位于圆柱壳不同方位的示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of different charge positions

图14 不同方位下爆炸气泡对圆柱壳的作用效果

Fig.14 Interaction between the explosive bubble and the cylindrical shell under different charge positions

图15 不同方位下迎爆面单元挠度变化情况

Fig.15 Variation of explosion surface deflection with charge position

图16 迎爆面单元压力及TNT药包0.1m处观察点流场速度随时间变化情况

Fig.16 Pressure on the explosion face and velocity of the flow field at the observation point with time

图17 不同方位下圆柱壳结构在冲击波载荷作用下的塑性应变情况

Fig.17 Plastic strain of the cylindrical shell induced by the shock wave load under different charge positions

图18 不同方位下的圆柱壳结构迎爆面单元应力、塑性应变随时间变化情况

Fig.18 Variation of stress and plastic strain of the explosion surface with charge position

图19 不同方位下圆柱壳结构在冲击波及气泡载荷作用下的塑性应变情况

Fig.19 Plastic strain of the cylindrical shell induced by shock wave and bubble load under different charge positions

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