水下爆炸载荷下舰船双层底部结构的毁伤特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0390

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究舰船双层底部结构在水下爆炸载荷下的毁伤特性，进行电火花气泡与带破口双层结构模型相互作用实验，使用高速摄影机捕捉气泡在带破口双层结构下方的脉动特征，并使用LS-DYNA软件对该实验工况进行模拟，通过实验验证数值模型的有效性。在此基础上建立实尺度舰船双层底舱段有限元模型，通过改变爆距和双层板间水位，设置15个模拟工况，深入分析冲击波和气泡载荷对舰船双层底部结构的毁伤特性。研究结果表明：爆距较小时，外底板出现破口，内外底板之间的内气泡的膨胀作用加剧外底板破口的撕裂，同时使内底板出现塑性变形；爆距较大时，外底板仅发生变形，并与内底板接触，同时带动内底板的变形。双层板间水位较低时，冲击波载荷衰减较大，对内底板毁伤作用较小，此时内气泡的膨胀对内底板的变形起到主要作用；双层板间水位较高时，冲击波载荷衰减较小，冲击波和气泡脉动二次压力波载荷通过水介质共同作用到内底板，使内底板产生变形。

关键词: 水下爆炸, 双层底部结构, 气泡载荷, 毁伤特性

Abstract:

To study the damage characteristics of a ship’s double bottom structure subjected to underwater explosion. Experiments on the interaction between the electric spark bubble and the ship’s double bottom structure with a hole are carried out. The pulsation characteristics of the bubble are captured by a high-speed camera, and the experiment is simulated by LS-DYNA to verify the effectiveness of the numerical model. Then, the finite element model of the full-scale cabin is established. By changing the explosion distance and water level between the double bottoms and designing 15 simulation scenarios, the damage characteristics of the double bottom structure subjected to shock wave and bubble loads are analyzed. The results show that: when the explosion distance is small, the outer bottom is broken, and the expansion of the "inner bubble" intensifies the tearing of the outer bottom and causes the plastic deformation of the inner bottom; when the explosion distance is large, the outer bottom only deforms and contacts with the inner bottom, driving the deformation of the inner bottom at the same time; when the water level between the two bottoms is low, the shock wave load attenuation is large with a small damage to the inner bottom, and the expansion of the "inner bubble" plays a major role in the deformation of the inner bottom; when the water level between the two bottoms is high, the shock wave load attenuation is small, the shock wave and bubble pulsation loads propagate through the water medium and act on the inner bottom, whose combined action causes its deformation.

Key words: underwater explosion, double bottom structure, bubble load, damage characteristics

陈岩武, 孙远翔, 王成. 水下爆炸载荷下舰船双层底部结构的毁伤特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 670-681.

CHEN Yanwu, SUN Yuanxiang, WANG Cheng. Damage Characteristics of Ship’s Double Bottom Structure Subjected to Underwater Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 670-681.

图/表 21

图1 带预制破口的双层底结构实验模型示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic of experimental model of double-bottom structure with a prefabricated hole

表1 水和空气的材料模型及状态方程参数

Table 1 Material models and equation of state parameters of water and air

材料	ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	C₀/GPa	C₁/GPa	C₂/GPa	C₃/GPa	C₄	C₅	C₆	E/GPa
空气	1.29	0	1.01×10^-4	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	2.53×10^-4
水	1.00×10³	1.01×10^-4	2.036	8.432	8.014	0.493 4	1.393 7	0	2.05×10^-4

表2 炸药的材料模型及状态方程参数

Table 2 Material model and equation of state parameters of the explosive

ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	D_C-J/(m·s^-1)	p_C-J/GPa	E/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
1630	6930	27.0	7.17	374.2	3.23	4.15	0.95	0.3

图2 有限元模型

Fig. 2 Finite element model

图 3 不同时刻气泡形态(实验结果)

Fig. 3 Bubble shape at different moments (experimental results)

图 4 不同时刻气泡形态和流场压力云图(模拟结果)

Fig. 4 Bubble shape and flow field pressure at different moments (simulation results)

图5 舰船舱段模型截面尺寸图

Fig. 5 Section dimension drawing of ship cabin model

表3 数值模拟结果

Table 3 Numerical simulation results

工况	爆距 R	板间水位 h/cm	内底板最大挠度 w_im/cm	外底板最大挠度 w_om/cm	外底板破口半径 R_p/cm	外底板破口面积 S/m²	破口形状	舱段最大位移 s_m/cm
1	R₀	0	191.3		304.05	19.64	六边形	122.1
2	1.5 R₀	0	207.1		352.85	19.06	菱形	121.9
3	2 R₀	0	240.1		334.80	15.96	菱形	126.3
4	2.5 R₀	0	219.8		304.45	23.58	六边形	140.4
5	3 R₀	0	209.2	293.2			菱形	133.7
6	3.5 R₀	0	195.4	281.7				145.8
7	4 R₀	0	204.6	288.3				152.3
8	4.5 R₀	0	199.6	284.4				159.7
9	5.0 R₀	0	191.3	272.3				166.7
10	R₀	25	248.6		325.8	15.35	菱形	130.3
11	R₀	50	264.5		283.30	6.61	菱形	137.2
12	R₀	75	254.0		235.5	9.10	菱形	146.0
13	R₀	100	256.9		226.7	9.34	菱形	170.1
14	R₀	125	258.6		217.0	9.69	菱形	169.0
15	R₀	173	257.2		217.7	9.79	菱形	184.1

图 6 爆距R和双层板间水位h定义示意图

Fig. 6 Schematic of the definitions of explosion distance and water level between double bottoms

图 7 舱段初始状态与毁伤后状态示意图

Fig. 7 Schematic of initial state and damaged state of cabin

图8 破口最大撕裂宽度定义示意图

Fig. 8 Schematic of the definition of maximum tear width

图9 工况3不同时刻气泡与双层板相互作用过程

Fig. 9 Interaction between bubbles and the double bottoms at different moments (Scenario 3)

图10 工况3内板和舱段位移时程曲线

Fig. 10 Displacementtime history curves of inner plate and cabin (Scenario 3)

图11 工况4不同时刻气泡与双层板相互作用过程

Fig. 11 Interaction between bubbles and the double-bottoms at different moments (Scenario 4)

图12 工况8不同时刻气泡与双层板相互作用过程

Fig. 12 Interaction between bubbles and the double bottoms at different moments (Scenario 8)

图 13 不同爆距条件下结构毁伤情况

Fig. 13 Damage to structure under different explosion distances

图14 工况1~工况4中气泡与破口相互作用情况(t=2 ms)

Fig. 14 Interaction between bubble and hole (t=2 ms, Scenario 1~4)

图 15 不同爆距条件下内底板挠度时程曲线

Fig. 15 Time-history curves of deflection of inner bottom under different explosion distances

图16 工况14不同时刻气泡与双层板相互作用过程

Fig. 16 Interaction between bubbles and the double bottoms at different moments (Scenario 14)

图17 不同板间水位条件下结构毁伤情况

Fig. 17 Damage to structure under different water levels

图18 不同板间水位条件下内底板挠度

Fig. 18 Deflection of inner bottom under different water levels

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