邻空气域装药水下爆炸压力场特征研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为控制炸药水下爆炸能量分布,实现定向打击,研究一种典型炸药-空气柱形装药结构爆炸压力场分布特征。通过实验与数值模拟探究含不同尺寸空气域结构水下爆炸的压力和冲量分布情况,发现空气域对炸药水下爆炸具有定向增强效应。模拟结果表明:空气域会导致爆轰产物冲击空气-水边界,空气域方向近场峰值压力增强现象;伴随气泡形态变化,形成隔绝能量的花瓶状气泡,使空气域后方出现冲量增强现象;上述增强现象均随着距离增加而逐渐消失,其中冲量增强效应的影响范围更广。研究结果表明,空气域的存在可以显著增强该方向近场范围内的毁伤效果。

关键词: 水下爆炸, 装药结构, 气泡运动, 能量分布

Abstract:

In order to control the energy distribution of underwater explosion of explosive for the directional striking,the distribution characteristics of the explosion pressure field of a typical explosive-air column charge structure are studied.The pressure and impulse distribution of underwater explosions of explosives with different sizes of air domains are explored through experiment and numerical simulation.It is found that the air domain has a directional enhancement effect on the underwater explosions.The simulated results show that the air domain would cause the explosive products to impact the air-water boundary,resulting in an enhancement of peak pressure in the direction of the air domain in the near field water.With the change in bubble morphology,a vase-shaped bubble isolating energy is formed,leading to an enhancement of impulse behind the air domain.The above enhancement effects gradually disappear with the increase in distance,and the influence range of the impulse enhancement effect is wider.The research results indicate that the presence of air domain can significantly enhance the destructive effect within the near field in that direction.

Key words: underwater explosion, charge structure, bubble dynamics, energy distribution

中图分类号:

O382+.1

杨科, 周章涛, 马宏昊, 姚象洋, 傅力衡, 徐庆涛, 沈兆武. 邻空气域装药水下爆炸压力场特征研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231099-.

YANG Ke, ZHOU Zhangtao, MA Honghao, YAO Xiangyang, FU Liheng, XU Qingtao, SHEN Zhaowu. Study on Pressure Field Characteristics of Underwater Explosion of Neighbor Air Domain Charge Structure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231099-.

图/表 21

图1 邻空气域装药结构

Fig.1 Neighbor air domain charge structure

图2 爆轰波作用示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of detonation wave action

图3 PVDF测压电路

Fig.3 PVDF pressure measuring circuit

图4 实验布置图

Fig.4 Experiment layout

图5 收敛性分析

Fig.5 Convergence analysis

图6 数值计算模型

Fig.6 Numerical calculation model

表1 TNT参数

Table 1 JWL parameters of TNT explosive

ρ₀/ (g·cm^-3)	D/ (m·s^-1)	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	e/ (J·g^-1)
1.63	6900	371	3.2	4.15	0.95	0.3	7000

表2 水状态方程参数

Table 2 Equation of state parameters for water

ρ₀/(g·cm^-3)	c(cm·μs^-1)	γ₀	a	S₁	S₂	S₃
1	0.164 7	0.5	0	2.56	1.986	1.226 8

表3 空气状态方程参数

Table3 Equation of state parameters for air

C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆
0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0

表4 钢材料参数

Table 4 Parameters of steel

A/MPa	B/MPa	C	m	n	T_m
293	230	0.0652	0.706	0.578	1795

图7 实验结果与计算结果对比

Fig.7 Comparison of experimental and numerical results

图8 钢板变形对比

Fig.8 Comparison of steel plate deformations

图9 实验后钢板挠度

Fig.9 Deflection of the deformed plate after experiment

表5 各工况参数

Table 5 Parameters of each case

炸高与空气域高度	K
炸高与空气域高度	0	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0
炸药高度/mm	20	20	20	20	20
空气域高度/mm	0	10	20	30	40

图10 各工况峰值压力分布

Fig.10 Peak pressure distribution under each condition

图11 各工况冲量分布

Fig.11 Impulse distribution under each condition

图12 不同工况下的各测点压力时程曲线

Fig.12 Pressure-time curves of measuring points under different conditions

图13 K=1边界处测点各波峰压力(左)与物质流动云图(右)

Fig.13 The peak pressure(left) and mass flow nephograms(right) of measuring points at the K=1 boundaries

图14 不同工况下边界外部能量发展(左为压力云图,右为物质流动云图)

Fig.14 Development of boundary external energy under different conditions(left:pressure cloud image,and right:material flow cloud image)

图15 冲击波峰值分布

Fig.15 Shock wave peak pressure distribution

图16 各方向冲量分布

Fig.16 Impulse distributions in all directions

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