近场水下爆炸荷载作用下桥墩动力响应分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0717

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究水下爆炸对桥墩造成的破坏,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法对水下爆炸荷载作用下的桥墩的动力响应和损伤机理进行分析和讨论。通过水下爆炸试验验证有限元模型的正确性,建立水下爆炸荷载作用下的桥墩有限元模型;以桥墩剩余竖向承载力为性能指标,提出桥墩在爆炸荷载作用下的损伤评估方法,讨论了TNT质量、起爆位置等因素对桥墩损伤程度的影响。研究结果表明:近场水下爆炸产生的气泡脉动对桥墩造成的损伤不容忽视,桥墩外侧起爆时,TNT质量与桥墩剩余承载力呈指数关系;TNT当量相同时,桥墩内部爆炸造成的损伤最严重。

关键词: 水下爆炸, 桥墩, 气泡脉动, 损伤系数

Abstract:

The dynamic response and damage mechanism of piers under underwater explosion loading are analyzed to investigate the damage to a pier caused by underwater explosion by using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler method. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified through an underwater explosion test, and then a finite element model of a pier under underwater explosion loading is established. Taking the residual vertical bearing capacity of the pier as the performance index, the damage evaluation method of pier under explosion loading is put forward. The influences of explosive weight and initiation point on the damage degree of pier are discussed. The investigation results indicate that the damage to the pier caused by bubble pulsation generated by a near-field underwater explosion cannot be ignored. When the outer side of pier is detonated, the TNT weight is exponentially related to the residual bearing capacity of pier. When the weight of TNT is the same, the damage caused by the explosion inside the pier is the most serious.

Key words: underwater explosion, pier, bubble pulsation, safety factor

中图分类号:

TJ301

周龙云, 李小军, 闫秋实. 近场水下爆炸荷载作用下桥墩动力响应分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S1): 90-98.

ZHOU Longyun, LI Xiaojun, YAN Qiushi. Analysis on Dynamic Response of Bridge Pier under Near-field Underwater Explosion Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 90-98.

图/表 18

图1 水下爆炸试验

Fig.1 Underwater explosion test

表1 试验工况

Table 1 Test conditions

序号	W/kg	R/m	H/m	Z/(m·kg^-1/3)
1	0.4	1	1	1.36
2	0.8	1	1	1.08

图2 有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model

表2 混凝土材料参数

Table 2 Concrete material parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	2300	A₂/Pa	3.958×10¹⁰	Q₀	0.6805
N	3.0	B₁	1.22	β_t	0.036

表3 钢筋材料参数

Table 3 Steel material parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	7800	弹性模量/GPa	1.96
杨氏模量/GPa	196	硬化参数	40
泊松比	0.3	应变率参数	5
屈服应力/MPa	335

图3 数值模拟和试验对比

Fig.3 Numerical simulation and experimental comparison

表4 爆炸试验和有限元结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of explosion test and finite element results

TNT质量/ kg	参数	试验/ mm	数值模拟/ mm	误差/%
0.4	最大位移	41.81	41.18	1.51
	残余位移	13.56	12.63	6.86
0.8	最大位移	52.58	49.70	5.48
	残余位移	18.79	16.54	11.97

图4 有限元布置

Fig.4 Finite element arrangement

图5 桥墩几何尺寸(单位:mm)

Fig.5 Pier geometry (unit:mm)

图6 RC桥墩数值模拟承载力时程曲线

Fig.6 Damage process of RC bridge pier

图7 RC桥墩压力历史云图

Fig.7 Pressure nephogram of RC pier

图8 水下爆炸荷载作用下桥墩应变云图

Fig.8 Strain nephogram of pier under underwater explosion loading

图9 RC桥墩损伤过程

Fig.9 Damage process of RC bridge pier

图10 爆炸当量-剩余承载力拟合曲线

Fig.10 Explosion equivalent-residual bearing capacity fitting curve

图11 不同起爆当量的桥墩剩余承载力和损伤系数

Fig.11 Residual bearing capacity and damage coefficient of piers with different initiation points

图12 不同起爆点示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of different detonation points

图13 不同起爆点的桥墩剩余承载力和损伤系数

Fig.13 Residual bearing capacity and damage coefficient of piers with different initiation points

图14 不同起爆点200ms时桥墩损伤

Fig.14 Pier damage at different initiation points of 200ms

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