Zr基BMG-W含能破片的力学性能与毁伤性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0989

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示Zr基块体金属玻璃(Bulk Metallic Glass,BMG)-W含能破片的强塑性协同提升机制,并阐明其冲击毁伤过程,采用放电等离子烧结法制备了系列球形W颗粒含量不同的Zr基BMG-W含能破片,并通过准静态压缩与弹道枪加载侵彻双层靶实验深入研究其力学性能与毁伤性能。研究结果表明:W颗粒的添加显著提升了Zr基BMG-W含能破片的力学性能,烧结温度为 370~385℃,W颗粒体积含量为20%~40%的Zr基BMG-W含能破片均具有优于纯BMG的强度与塑性,其中380℃下制备的Zr基BMG-40W含能破片的断裂强度与塑性应变最大,分别为 2047.0MPa 与16.6%。Zr基BMG-W含能破片的强塑性协同提升机制包含2方面:W颗粒阻碍剪切带快速扩展,使其转向、增殖,延缓含能破片的断裂失效;模量失配引起的剪切带萌生与扩展使W颗粒附近BMG基体中形成局部塑性变形区域,降低了BMG基体对W颗粒的空间约束,W颗粒自身发生塑性变形,推迟含能破片的断裂失效。随W颗粒含量增加,Zr基BMG-W含能破片的毁伤性能先增加、后减小,但均优于纯BMG含能破片,其中Zr基BMG-40W含能破片的毁伤性能最强,扩孔比为27.9。Zr基BMG-W含能破片的冲击毁伤过程主要包括一次爆燃、动能穿孔、二次爆燃与后效毁伤。

关键词: 含能破片, 力学性能, 双层靶, 毁伤性能, 扩孔面积

Abstract:

To reveal the synergistic enhancement mechanism of strength and plasticity of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments and elucidate their impact damage process, a series of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments with different spherical W particle contents are prepared by the spark plasma sintering method. The mechanical properties and damage performance of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments are thoroughly studied through quasi-static compression experiments and ballistic gun loading penetration experiments on double-layer targets. The research results show that the addition of W particles significantly improves the mechanical properties of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments. The Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments with sintering temperature ranging from 370℃ to 385℃ and W particle content ranging from 20 vol.% to 40 vol.% have better strength and plasticity than pure BMG energetic fragments. Among them, the Zr-based BMG-40W energetic fragment prepared at 380℃ has the highest fracture strength and plastic strain, which are 2047.0MPa and 16.6%, respectively. The synergistic enhancement mechanism of strength and plasticity of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments includes two aspects: W particles hinder the rapid expansion of shear bands, promote their turning and proliferation, and delay the fracture failure of energetic fragment; the initiation and propagation of shear bands caused by modulus mismatch result in the formation of local plastic deformation zones in the BMG matrix near the W particles, reducing the spatial constraint of BMG matrix on the W particles. The W particles themselves undergo plastic deformation, delaying the fracture failure of energetic fragments. With the increase in W particle content, the damage performance of the Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments increases first and then decreases, but all are better than pure BMG energetic fragments. Among them, the Zr-based BMG-40W energetic fragment has the strongest damage performance with an expansion ratio of 27.9. The impact damage process of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments mainly includes primary detonation, kinetic energy perforation, secondary detonation, and aftereffect damage.

Key words: energetic fragment, mechanical property, double-layer target, damage performance, expanding perforation area

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

胡敖博, 赵超越, 陈进, 陈鹏, 李鹏, 孙兴昀, 蔡水洲. Zr基BMG-W含能破片的力学性能与毁伤性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4407-4422.

HU Aobo, ZHAO Chaoyue, CHEN Jin, CHEN Peng, LI Peng, SUN Xingyun, CAI Shuizhou. Mechanical Properties and Damage Performance of Zr-based BMG-W Energetic Fragments[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4407-4422.

图/表 23

图1 SPS模具示意图及烧结过程中的电流分布

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of SPS mold and current distribution during sintering

图2 球磨后复合粉末的背散射SEM照片

Fig.2 Backscattered SEM photographs of composite powders after ball milling

图3 SPS工艺曲线

Fig.3 SPS process curves

图4 纯BMG与Zr基BMG-W含能破片实物

Fig.4 Physical image of the pure BMG and Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments

图5 弹道枪加载侵彻双层靶实验的现场布置

Fig.5 On-site arrangement of the ballistic gun loading and penetrating double-layer targets experiment

图6 粉末的结构与热稳定性

Fig.6 Structure and thermal stability of the powders

图7 纯BMG与Zr基BMG-W含能破片的XRD图谱(SPS温度均为385℃)

Fig.7 XRD patterns of pure BMG and Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments (SPS temperatures are all 385℃)

图8 不同含能破片剖面的SEM照片

Fig.8 SEM photographs of the cross sections of different energetic fragments

图9 纯BMG与Zr基BMG-W含能破片的准静态压缩力学性能

Fig.9 Quasistatic compressive mechanical properties of pure BMG and Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments

图10 纯BMG与Zr基BMG-W含能破片的压缩断面SEM照片

Fig.10 SEM photographs of compression fracture sections of pure BMG and Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments

图11 纳米压痕实验结果及压缩载荷下Zr基BMG-W含能破片内部应力集中、剪切带的萌生与扩展、W颗粒自身塑性变形的示意图

Fig.11 Results of nanoindentation experiments, and schematic diagram of internal stress concentration, initiation and propagation of shear bands, and self plastic deformation of W particles in Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments under compressive load

图12 不同着靶速度下纯BMG含能破片的典型毁伤效果

Fig.12 Typical damage effects of pure BMG energetic fragments at different impact velocities

图13 不同着靶速度下Zr基BMG-10W含能破片的典型毁伤效果

Fig.13 Typical damage effects of Zr-based BMG-10W energetic fragments at different impact velocities

图14 不同着靶速度下Zr基BMG-20W含能破片的典型毁伤效果

Fig.14 Typical damage effects of Zr-based BMG-20W energetic fragments at different impact velocities

图15 不同着靶速度下Zr基BMG-30W含能破片的典型毁伤效果

Fig.15 Typical damage effects of Zr-based BMG-30W energetic fragments at different impact velocities

图16 不同着靶速度下Zr基BMG-40W含能破片的典型毁伤效果

Fig.16 Typical damage effects of Zr-based BMG-40W energetic fragments at different impact velocities

图17 不同着靶速度下Zr基BMG-50W含能破片的典型毁伤效果

Fig.17 Typical damage effects of Zr-based BMG-50W energetic fragments at different impact velocities

表1 不同着靶速度下纯BMG与Zr基BMG-W 含能破片对铝靶的穿孔面积与扩孔比

Table 1 Perforation areas and expansion ratios of pure BMG and Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments on aluminum targets at different impact velocities

含能破片	着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	铝靶穿孔面积/mm²	扩孔比
	571
纯BMG	727
	887
	1002
	583
Zr基BMG-10W	697
	781	244.5	1.4
	998	302.3	2.6
	521
Zr基BMG-20W	723
	842	554.2	4.3
	956	855.7	6.8
	530
Zr基BMG-30W	750	476.4	3.5
	836	1681.4	14.9
	987	1029.7	7.0
	588	474.6	5.1
Zr基BMG-40W	732	2249.4	19.5
	788	2855.0	27.9
	949	921.6	8.7
	530	770.7	7.6
Zr基BMG-50W	693	918.7	8.8
	742	1631.1	13.3
	906	572.5	3.8

图18 毁伤特征随W颗粒含量的变化

Fig.18 Variation of damage characteristics with W particle content

图19 纯BMG与Zr基BMG-W含能破片最强毁伤效果对应的典型高速摄像照片

Fig.19 Typical high-speed photography images corresponding to the strongest damage effect of pure BMG and Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments

图20 不同时刻Zr基BMG-40W含能破片的冲击反应高速摄像照片

Fig.20 High-speed photography images of the impact reaction of Zr-based BMG-40W energetic fragments at different times

图21 钢靶与铝靶的典型照片

Fig.21 Typical photos of steel and aluminum targets

图22 Zr基BMG-W含能破片的冲击毁伤过程示意图

Fig.22 Schematic diagram of impact damage process of Zr-based BMG-W energetic fragments

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