气凝胶改性石英纤维增强有机硅透波复合材料性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2022.02.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以SiO₂气凝胶、Al₂O₃气凝胶、ZrO₂气凝胶为改性剂、甲基苯基有机硅树脂为基体，石英纤维布为增强材料，制备了气凝胶改性石英/有机硅复合材料。开展热重分析、动态热机械分析、力学性能测试、介电性能、扫描电子显微镜等测试实验，研究不同气凝胶改性对石英/有机硅复合材料的热性能、力学性能和介电性能的影响。结果表明：气凝胶的加入提升了石英/有机硅复合材料的热稳定性和力学性能，其中Al₂O₃气凝胶使复合材料的力学强度提高最多，其压缩强度和弯曲强度分别为145 MPa和192 MPa，较未改性时分别提高了122%和81%；气凝胶的加入使石英/有机硅复合材料的介电常数增大，但仍均低于3.5，介电损耗角正切值均小于0.01，保持了较好的介电性能。

关键词: 透波复合材料, 气凝胶, 有机硅树脂, 力学性能, 介电性能

Abstract: Quartz/silicone composites were prepared by using SiO₂ aerogels, Al₂O₃ aerogels and ZrO₂ aerogels as modifiers, methyl phenyl silicone resin as matrix, and quartz fiber as reinforcing material. Thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, mechanical properties test, dielectric properties test and SEM test were made for quartz/silicone composite. The effects of different aerogel modifications on the thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties of quartz/silicone composite were studied. The results show that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of quartz/silicone composite increase with the addition of aerogels. Al₂O₃ aerogels increase the mechanical strength of composites. The compressive strength and flexural strength of quartz/silicone composites are 145 MPa and 192 MPa, respectively, which are increased by 122% and 81% compared with unmodified composite. The dielectric constant of quartz/silicone composites increases with the addition of aerogels, but their dielectric constants are all less than 3.5 and their dielectric loss tangents are less than 0.01.

Key words: wave-transparentcomposite, aerogel, siliconeresin, mechanicalproperty, dielectricproperty

中图分类号:

TB332

孔国强，王康，于秋兵，李莹，魏化震，邵蒙，毕卫东，刘本学, 尹磊，孙晓冬. 气凝胶改性石英纤维增强有机硅透波复合材料性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(2): 442-450.

KONG Guoqiang, WANG Kang, YU Qiubing, LI Ying, WEI Huazhen, SHAO Meng, BI Weidong, LIU Benxue, YIN Lei, SUN Xiaodong. Properties of Aerogel Modified Quartz Fiber Reinforced Silicone Wave-transparent Composites[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(2): 442-450.

参考文献

［1］杨洁颖, 吕毅, 张春波,等. 飞行器用透波材料及天线罩技术研究进展[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2015, 45(4):6-9.
YANG J Y, L Y, ZHANG C B, et al. Improvements of microwave transparent composites and aircraft radome[J]. Aerospace Materials Technology, 2015, 45(4): 6-9. (in Chinese)
[2］ MAO Y M, YAO Z J, ZHOU J T, et al. Fabrication and investigations on BMI/OMMT nanocomposites with superior high-temperature wave-transparent performance[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2020, 31(18):16073-16086.
[3］ CAO M S, HOU Z L, YUAN J, et al. Low dielectric loss and non-Debye relaxation of gamma-Y₂Si₂O₇ ceramic at elevated temperature in X-band[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 105(10): 106102.
[4］ HOU Z L, CAO M S,YUAN J, et al. High-temperature conductance loss dominated defect level in h-BN: experiments and first principles calculations[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 105(7): 076103.
[5］黎义, 张大海, 陈英,等. 航天透波多功能材料研究进展[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2000,30(5): 1-5.
LI Y, ZHANG D H, CHEN Y, et al. Progress in high performance radome & antenna materials for aerospace[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2000,30(5): 1-5 (in Chinese)
[6］黎义, 李建保, 张大海,等. 航天透波多功能复合材料的介电性能分析[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2001, 31(6):4-9.
LI Y, LI J B, ZHANG D H, et al.Analysis of dielectric properties of radome & antenna materials [J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2001, 31(6):4-9. (in Chinese)
[7］李金刚, 曹茂盛, 张永,等. 国外透波材料高温电性能研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2005(2): 59-62.
LI J G, CAO M S, ZHANG Y, et al. Research progress in high temperature electric properties of foreign wave-transmitting materials[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2005(2): 59-62.(in Chinese)
[8］邹铭, 肖凤艳, 郭香,等. 石英纤维布/含乙烯基聚硅氮烷耐高温透波复合材料的制备与性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(8):1813-1821.
ZOU M, XIAO F Y, GUO X, et al. Preparation and properties of quartz fiber/vinyl-containing polysilazane high temperature wavepenetrating composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2019, 36(8): 1813-1821. (in Chinese)
[9］ WU Z Q, LI N, HAN J H, et al. Low-viscosity and soluble phthalonitrile resin with improved thermostability for organic wave-transparent composites[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2018, 135(13)：45976.
[10］ JOVANOVIC J D, GOVEDARICA M N, DVORNIC P R, et al. The thermogravimetric analysis of some polysiloxanes[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1998, 61(1):87-93.
[11］ KIM S M, YOON D Y, NGUYEN C V, et al. Experimental and theoretical study of structure-dielectric property relationships for polysilsesquioxanes[J]. MRS Online Proceeding Library Archive, 1998, 511:39-47.
[12］ MIN C Y, HUANG Y D, LIU L. Preparation and dielectric characterization of nanosized Fe₂O₃ doped methylsilicone resin/glass fiber compositions[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2008, 27(7): 769-776.
[13］曹茂盛, 张亮, 李金刚, 等. 硅树脂/二氧化硅高温相变及介电性能研究[J]. 材料科学与工艺, 2006, 14(4): 420-423.
CAO M S, ZHANG L, LI J G, et al. Study on high-temperature transformation and dielectric properties of silicon resin/silicon dioxide composite[J].Materials Science and Technology, 2006, 14(4): 420-423.(in Chinese)
[14］宋麦丽, 崔红, 杨星, 等．高硅氧/有机硅透波材料性能研究[J]．材料导报，2009，23(专辑14)：384-386,393．
SONG M L, CUI H, YANG X, et al. Study on properties of silica glass/silicone resin radome materials[J]. Materials Review, 2009, 23(Special issue 14): 384-386，393. (in Chinese)
[15］胡连成，黎义，于翘．俄罗斯航天透波材料现状考察[J].宇航材料工艺,1994，24(1)：48-52．
HU L C, LI Y, YU Q. Current situation of the Russian space wave-transparent material[J]. Aerospace Materials& Technology, 1994, 24(1): 48-52．(in Chinese)
[16］魏化震, 李莹, 孔国强. 石英/低聚倍半硅氧烷改性有机硅透波材料性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(12): 2350-2357.
WEI H Z, LI Y, KONG G Q. Study ofproperties of quartz/POSS modified silicone wave-transparent materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(12): 2350-2357. (in Chinese)
[17］ SRIVASTAVA T, KATARI N K, RAVURI B R, et al. Influence of filler content on thermo-physical properties of hollow glass microsphere-silicone matrix composite[J]. Silicon, 2022,14(3): 1179-1189.
[18］程小莲, 胡新嵩, 郭铁柱,等. 纳米ZrO₂/TiO₂填充有机硅杂化树脂的研制[J]. 有机硅材料, 2018，32(3):182-187.
CHENG X L, HU X S, GUO T Z, et al. Preparation ofnano zirconia/titanium dioxide filled silicone hybrid resin[J]. Silicone Material, 2018，32(3):182-187.（in Chinese）
[19］ HRUBESH L W. Aerogel applications[J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 1998, 225:335-342.
[20］丁逸栋, 刘朝辉, 王飞, 等. SiO₂气凝胶对有机硅涂层耐高温与隔热性能改性研究[J]. 后勤工程学院学报, 2016, 32(5): 77-83.
DING Y D, LIU Z H, WANG F, et al. Heat-resisting and insulating properties of SiO₂ aerogel modified silicone coating[J]. Journal of Logistical Engineering University, 2016, 32(5): 77-83. (in Chinese)
[21］ PARK K, LEE Y, YOON J K, et al. A study on physical characteristics of silica aerogel/polymer composite materials[J]. Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, 2013, 62(9):1318-1323.
[22］ KUCHAREK M, MACRAE W, LIU Y. Investigation of the effects of silica aerogel particles on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2020, 139：106108.
[23］ SUN J T, HUANG Y D, CAO H L, et al. Effects of ambient-temperature curing agents on the thermal stability of poly(methylphenylsiloxane)[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2004, 85(1):725-731.
[24］ GIRISH DESHPANDE, REZAC M E. The effect of phenyl content on the degradation of poly (dimethyl diphenyl) siloxane copolymers[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2001, 74(2): 363-370.
[25］闵春英, 黄玉东, 王磊,等. 溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO₂杂化有机硅树脂及其耐热性能研究[J]. 化学与粘合, 2006, 28(6):372-375.
MIN C Y, HUANG Y D, WANG L, et al. Study on preparation of SiO₂/silicone hybrid materials by sol-gel method and its heat-resistance[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 2006, 28(6):372-375. (in Chinese)
[26］林志丹, 黄珍珍, 麦堪成. 改性纳米CaCO₃/PP动态力学性能的研究[J]. 塑料, 2003, 32(4):6-10, 88.
LIN Z D, HUANG Z Z, MAI K C. Dynamic mechanical properties of modified nano-CaCO₃/PP composites[J]. Plastics, 2003, 32(4):6-10, 88. (in Chinese)
[27］ FU X A, QUTUBUDDIN S. Synthesis of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites[J]. Materials Letters, 2000, 42(1/2):12-15.
[28］ YOUNG K F, FREDERIKSE H P R. Compilation of the static dielectric constant of inorganic solids[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1973, 2(2): 313-140.

[1]	项新梅, 罗林林, 符祖书, 何世珠. 梯度模式对Miura-ori超材料力学性能影响的研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(2): 618-627.
[2]	袁璟, 蔺向阳, 彭洋, 檀成. 光固化含能粘合剂的设计与合成[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 2023-2032.
[3]	杜雨田, 许泽建, 虎宏智, 黄风雷. 金属材料动态剪切测试方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1502-1512.
[4]	李泽昊, 徐文龙, 王成, 贾时雨, 穴胜鹏, 马东. 气凝胶夹芯结构冲击吸能实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 682-690.
[5]	李忠华, 陈彦磊, 刘斌, 蒯泽宙, 路声宇, 史京帅. 选区激光熔化复合成形钢铜异质结构界面微观组织与力学性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(2): 605-614.
[6]	蒋明飞, 许辉, 黄陈磊, 刘坤, 吴志林. 弹道明胶动态力学性能试验与本构模型研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2113-2120.
[7]	张杜江，赵振宇，贺良，任建伟，强鹭升，周贻来. 基于Johnson-Cook本构模型的高强度装甲钢动态力学性能参数标定及验证[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(8): 1966-1976.
[8]	杨东青，张建，范霁康，周赵，王克鸿. 高氮奥氏体不锈钢与603马氏体高强钢焊接接头组织及性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(8): 1990-1997.
[9]	李彬，谢新，唐文勇，陶江平，孙宜强，张辉. 基于近似模型的复合材料导管支臂结构性能分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(6): 1435-1446.
[10]	聂政元，肖建光，王岩鑫，谢志渊. THV基活性材料力学性能与点火反应特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(12): 3030-3039.
[11]	贾汝锋，尹保林，张高鸿，庞新厂，刘民英，杨国芳，李浩，吕千里. 聚四氟乙烯基电磁屏蔽复合膜的研制及特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(11): 2916-2923.
[12]	刘强，陈鹏万，苏健军，李芝绒，张玉磊. 碳化硅与聚脲纳米复合材料拉伸力学性能和本构模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1238-1249.
[13]	马良超, 王大锋, 马冰, 陈东高, 张迎迎. 不同氮含量焊丝熔化极气体保护焊高氮钢的微观组织与力学性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1303-1311.
[14]	李东伟，苗飞超，张向荣，熊国松，周霖，赵双双. 2，4-二硝基苯甲醚基不敏感熔注炸药动态力学性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11): 2344-2349.
[15]	黄竣皓, 王琳, 刘小品, 徐雪峰, 刘安晋, Tayyeb Ali, 周哲, 宁子轩, 杨佳彬, 张斌斌, 程兴旺. Ti-6321钛合金力学性能和抗弹性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 124-132.