某大口径火炮内膛结构对挤进过程身管内壁载荷的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0646

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

弹丸挤进阶段火炮身管内膛处于高温高压快速挤压摩擦的恶劣环境。针对大口径火炮在弹丸挤进过程中身管内壁所受载荷较大、导致膛线起始部磨损严重的问题,以某大口径浅膛线身管为对象,研究不同内膛结构对身管内壁载荷的影响规律。通过分离式霍普金森压杆实验,构建弹带材料在高温高应变率下的本构关系,利用有限元计算分析了挤进过程中弹带的塑性变形情况、挤进阻力以及身管内壁载荷的变化规律,并分别建立考虑膛线宽度、膛线截面形状以及坡膛锥度等不同内膛结构下的三维热力耦合挤进有限元模型,计算得到不同内膛结构对挤进过程中身管内壁载荷的影响。研究结果表明,对于该型火炮,身管坡膛结构和膛线结构对内壁载荷均有显著影响。首先,坡膛锥度的增大会导致挤进阻力和身管内壁载荷的增大,同时挤进结束的时刻以及挤进阻力和身管内壁载荷达到峰值的时刻也会提前;其次,内壁载荷峰值会随着阳线宽度显著增大,但对导转侧顶部进行倒角可有效降低身管内壁载荷,其峰值在倒圆角后降低了9.87%,倒方角后降低了5.59%。所得研究结果有助于丰富基于身管寿命的身管内膛结构设计方法。

关键词: 大口径火炮, 弹带挤进, 动态力学性能, 身管内壁载荷, 内膛结构

Abstract:

During the engraving stage of projectile, the inner bore of gun barrel is in a harsh environment of high temperature, high pressure, rapid compression and friction. A severe wear at the beginning of rifling is caused by the large loadings on the inner wall of barrel during engraving process. The influences of different inner bore structures on the inner wall of barrel are studied using a large-caliber shallow rifling barrel as the object. The constitutive relationship of the rotating band material under high temperature and high strain rate is constructed through split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment, and the plastic deformation of rotating band, the engraving resistance, and the variation of loadings on the inner wall of barrel during the engraving process are analyzed using a finite element method. And the three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupling engraving finite element models are established considering different bore structures such as rifling width, rifling cross-sectional shape, and forcing cone taper. The influences of different bore structures on inner wall loadings of barrel during the engraving process are calculated. The research results indicate that, for this type of gun, both the forcing cone structures and rifling structure have a significant impact on the loadings on the inner wall. Firstly, the increase in the forcing cone taper can lead to an increase in the engraving resistance and the loadings on the inner wall of barrel, and the ending time of engraving process and the peak times of the engraving resistance and the loadings on the inner wall of barrel are also advanced. Secondly, the peak loadings on the inner wall of barrel significantly increase with the width of land. But the top of the driving side can be changed to effectively reduce the loadings on the inner wall of barrel. The peak value of the loadings on the inner wall of barrel is decreased by 9.87% after rounding and 5.59% after chamfering. This study contributes to enriching the design methods of bore structures based on the lifespan of the barrel.

Key words: large-caliber gun, engraving of rotating band, dynamic mechanical property, loadings on inner wall of barrel, bore structure

中图分类号:

TJ301

李一凡, 付佳维, 杨雕, 李延泽. 某大口径火炮内膛结构对挤进过程身管内壁载荷的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 4106-4118.

LI Yifan, FU Jiawei, YANG Diao, LI Yanze. Effect of Inner Bore Structure of a Large-caliber Gun on the Inner Wall Loadings of Barrel during Engraving Process[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 4106-4118.

图/表 29

图1 SHPB实验系统

Fig.1 SHPB experimental system

图2 加载后的弹带试件

Fig.2 Loaded rotating band specimen

图3 实验原始波形

Fig.3 The original experimental waveforms

图4 不同温度下的动态压缩应力-应变测试结果

Fig.4 Dynamic compressive stress-strain test results at different temperatures

图5 不同应变率下的动态压缩应力-应变曲线

Fig.5 Dynamic compressive stress-strain curves under different strain rates

图6 弹带材料温度软化效应(等效塑性应变为0.015)

Fig.6 Temperature softening effect of rotating band materials (equivalent plastic strain of 0.015)

图7 弹带材料应变率强化效应(等效塑性应变0.015)

Fig.7 Strain rate strengthening effect of rotating band material (equivalent plastic strain of 0.015)

表1 弹带材料J-C本构参数

Table 1 Johnson-Cook constitutive parameters of rotating band material

A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m
126.66	774.21	0.72	0.007	1.33

图8 J-C模型预测结果与实验数据对比

Fig.8 Comparison between J-C model forecast result and experimental data

图9 应变率强化系数C与温度关系

Fig.9 Relationship between strain rate strengthening coefficient C and temperature

图10 修正后J-C模型计算结果与实验数据对比

Fig.10 Comparison between revised J-C model forecast result and experimental data

图11 挤进过程身管受力示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the forces on the barrel during engraving process

表2 有限元模型材料参数

Table 2 Finite element model material parameters

部件	密度/(kg·m^-3)	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比
身管	7800	210	0.25
弹体	6000	206	0.27
弹带	8930	116	0.33

图12 弹丸与身管有限元网格模型

Fig.12 Finite element mesh models of projectile and barrel

图13 弹带应力云图

Fig.13 Von Mises stress nephogram of rotating band

图14 挤进阻力-时间曲线

Fig.14 Variation of engrave resistance with time

图15 身管内壁载荷-时间曲线

Fig.15 Variation of loadings on inner wall of barrel with time

图16 身管内壁载荷峰值与阳线宽度的关系

Fig.16 Variation of peak loadings on inner wall with land width

图17 不同膛线截面形状的膛线结构

Fig.17 Rifling structures with different cross-sectional shapes

图18 不同圆角尺寸下挤进阻力随时间变化规律

Fig.18 Variation of engraving resistance with time under different fillet sizes

图19 不同圆角尺寸下身管内壁载荷随时间变化规律

Fig.19 Variation of loadings on inner wall of barrel with time under different fillet sizes

图20 不同方角尺寸下挤进阻力随时间变化规律

Fig.20 Variation of engraving resistance with time under different chamfer sizes

图21 不同方角尺寸下身管内壁载荷随时间变化规律

Fig.21 Variation of loadings on inner wall of barrel with time under different chamfer sizes

图22 某大口径火炮身管坡膛结构

Fig.22 Forcing cone structure of a large-caliber gun

图23 不同锥度下弹丸的卡膛位置

Fig.23 Bayonet chamber positions of projectile under different forcing cone tapers

图24 不同锥度下挤进阻力随时间变化规律

Fig.24 Variation of engraving resistance with time under different forcing cone tapers

图25 不同锥度下身管内壁载荷随时间变化规律

Fig.25 Variation of loadings on inner wall of barrel with time under different forcing cone tapers

图26 不同锥度下膛内火药燃气压力随时间变化规律

Fig.26 Variation of powder gas pressure with time under different forcing cone tapers

表3 坡膛锥度对挤进参数的影响

Table 3 The effect of forcing cone taper on engraving parameters

K	l/ mm	t/ ms	t₁/ ms	F_m/ kN	σ_m/ MPa	v /(m·s^-1)	p/ MPa
1/10	41	3.95	2.8	1198.08	694.31	88.19	204.97
1/9	37.08	3.87	2.71	1236.19	718.51	89.84	209.44
1/8	32.96	3.8	2.68	1249.28	725.64	91.45	220.33
1/7	28.84	3.64	2.56	1254.4	735.06	89.47	223.91
1/6	24.72	3.43	2.48	1264.19	735.82	88.14	226.55
1/5	20.6	3.15	2.34	1274.31	740.86	87.86	232.33

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