气凝胶夹芯结构冲击吸能实验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对装甲车、舰船等武器装备冲击碰撞防护需求，提出一种气凝胶夹芯冲击吸能结构，采用一级轻气炮系统，结合力传感器、高速摄像及数字图像相关技术，研究10.4 m/s、15.4 m/s、19.0 m/s共3种较高冲击速度下7种气凝胶夹芯结构冲击吸能特性。研究结果表明：随着冲击速度的增加，7种气凝胶夹芯结构的峰值碰撞力、压垮距离、比吸能、平均碰撞力均逐渐增大；相同冲击速度下，随着气凝胶层厚度的增加，气凝胶夹芯结构的比吸能逐渐增大，峰值碰撞力呈下降趋势，碰撞力效率总体变化较小；在研究范围内，较大的气凝胶层厚度有利于结构冲击吸能特性的提高，同时避免过大峰值碰撞力对防护人员或装备的损伤。

关键词: 冲击吸能, 夹芯结构, 气凝胶, 比吸能

Abstract:

To meet the impact and collision protection needs of armored vehicles, ships and other weapons and equipment, an impact energy absorption structure with an aerogel core is proposed. Using a one-stage light air gun system, combined with the force sensors, a high-speed camera and digital image related technologies, the impact energy absorption characteristics of seven aerogel sandwich structures at three impact velocities of 10.4 m/s, 15.4 m/s and 19.0 m/s are studied. The results show that: the peak impact force, collapse distance, specific energy absorption and mean impact force of the seven aerogel sandwich structures increase gradually with the increase of impact velocity; under the same impact velocity, with the increasing aerogel layer thickness, the specific energy absorption of the sandwich structures gradually increases, the peak impact force decreases, and the overall change of the impact force efficiency is small. Therefore, within the research scope, a larger aerogel layer thickness is beneficial to the improvement of impact energy absorption of the aerogel sandwich structures, and can avoid the damage of excessive peak force to the protection personnel or equipment.

Key words: impact energy absorption, sandwich structure, aerogel, specific energy absorption

李泽昊, 徐文龙, 王成, 贾时雨, 穴胜鹏, 马东. 气凝胶夹芯结构冲击吸能实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 682-690.

LI Zehao, XU Wenlong, WANG Cheng, JIA Shiyu, XUE Shengpeng, MA Dong. Experimental Study of Impact Energy Absorption of Aerogel Sandwich Structures[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 682-690.

图/表 19

图1 气凝胶夹芯板结构尺寸

Fig. 1 Dimensions of the aerogel sandwich structure

图2 实验现场布置

Fig. 2 Experimental set-up

图3 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=10.0 mm)

Fig. 3 Force-displacement curves of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=10.0 mm)

表1 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=10.0 mm)

Table 1 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=10.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s^-1)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	9.7	5.9	16.1	5.3	54.5
v₂=15.4	14.6	6.6	28.7	8.3	56.9
v₃=19.0	22.8	7.3	48.8	12.9	56.6

图4 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=14.0 mm)

Fig. 4 Force-displacement curves for the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=14.0 mm)

表2 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=14.0 mm)

Table 2 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=14.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s^-1)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	7.3	6.8	18.5	4.4	61.0
v₂=15.4	12.0	9.2	41.3	7.3	60.6
v₃=19.0	19.7	9.6	64.9	11.1	56.4

图5 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=18.0 mm)

Fig. 5 Force-displacement curves of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=18.0 mm)

表3 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=18.0 mm)

Table 3 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=18.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s^-1)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	6.2	9.5	29.9	4.1	66.7
v₂=15.4	10.8	11.8	64.5	7.2	66.5
v₃=19.0	19.3	12.1	94.8	10.2	52.8

图6 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=20.0 mm)

Fig. 6 Force-displacement curves of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=20.0 mm)

表4 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=20.0 mm)

Table 4 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=20.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s^-1)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	6.6	10.2	37.6	4.2	63.5
v₂=15.4	10.9	11.9	72.9	7.0	64.0
v₃=19.0	17.4	12.2	96.2	8.9	50.9

图7 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=22.0 mm)

Fig. 7 Force-displacement curves of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=22.0 mm)

表5 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=22.0 mm)

Table 5 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=22.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s^-1)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	5.6	11.9	44.3	3.7	65.7
v₂=15.4	11.9	14.7	87.9	5.9	49.3
v₃=19.0	15.1	14.8	113.4	7.5	49.5

图8 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=24.0 mm)

Fig. 8 Force-displacement curves of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=24.0 mm)

表6 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=24.0 mm)

Table 6 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=24.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	5.8	13.6	49.1	2.9	49.9
v₂=15.4	11.3	15.3	108.8	5.7	50.4
v₃=19.0	14.5	15.6	145.2	7.4	51.2

图9 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲力位移曲线 (Ta=26.0 mm)

Fig. 9 Force-displacement curves of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=26.0 mm)

表7 不同冲击速度下气凝胶夹芯板冲击性能指标 (Ta=26.0 mm)

Table 7 Impact performance indicators of the aerogel sandwich structure under different impact speeds (Ta=26.0 mm)

冲击速度/(m•s^-1)	峰值力/kN	压垮距离/mm	比吸能/(J•kg^-1)	平均碰撞力/kN	碰撞力效率/%
v₁=10.4	5.5	14.0	54.8	2.6	46.1
v₂=15.4	9.1	15.5	109.3	4.6	50.6
v₃=19.0	16.7	15.8	192.6	7.8	46.7

图10 比吸能随气凝胶夹芯层厚度变化

Fig. 10 Variation of S with the thickness of the aerogel layer

图11 峰值碰撞力随气凝胶夹芯层厚度变化

Fig. 11 Variation of p with the thickness of the aerogel layer

图12 碰撞力效率随气凝胶夹芯层厚度变化

Fig. 12 Variation of C with the thickness of the aerogel layer

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