密闭建筑温压炸药内爆炸后燃效应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0555

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温压炸药爆炸具有显著的后燃效应,在密闭空间内爆炸呈现多重毁伤效应,但后燃效应引起的多毁伤元耦合效应,以及后燃增强效应的量化分析尚不明确。基于搭建的大尺寸密闭建筑,开展不同药量下温压炸药及LiF替代铝粉炸药的内爆试验研究,对温度、冲击波超压、准静态压力及氧浓度进行测试,分析内爆条件下不同毁伤元的时空变化特征,结合LiF替代铝粉炸药爆炸的对比试验,阐明了密闭建筑内爆炸毁伤元的分布特点以及铝粉后燃效应对温度、冲击波超压、准静态压力和氧浓度变化的影响规律。研究结果表明:密闭空间内爆下热效应和压力效应在角落边界处得到显著增强,其中全过程比冲量在边界处增强了2.2~2.5倍;铝粉后燃反应可显著增强温度、冲击波超压、准静态压力和氧气消耗量,当药量达到300g下,铝粉后燃烧导致爆炸冲击波超压峰值提高1.2倍,温度峰值提高6.4倍,准静态压力提高2.2倍,氧浓度消耗提高2.8倍。

关键词: 温压炸药, 内爆炸, 后燃效应, 冲击波超压, 热效应, 耗氧

Abstract:

The explosion of thermobaric explosive has a significant afterburning effect, and itsexplosion in a confined space has multiple destructive effects. However, the coupling effect of multiple damage elements due to afterburning effect and the quantitative analysis of the afterburning enhancement effect are not clear yet. The implosion test of thermobaric explosives and LiF instead of aluminium powder explosive under different dosages is carried out ina large enclosed building, and the temperature, shock wave overpressure, quasi-static pressure and oxygen concentration are tested. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of various damage elements under implosion conditions are analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of explosion damage elements are determined. The distribution characteristics of explosion damage elements in closed buildings and the influences of aluminium powder afterburning effect on temperature, shock wave overpressure, quasi-static pressure and oxygen concentration are clarified through the comparative test of LiF instead of aluminium powder explosion. The results show that the thermal effect and pressure impact of internal explosion in confined space are significantly enhanced at the corner boundary, and the total specific impulse at the boundary is increased by 2.2-2.5 times. The afterburning effect of aluminium powder can significantly improve the temperature, shock wave overpressure, quasi-static pressure and oxygen consumption.When the dosage reaches 300g, the aluminium powder afterburning leads to the explosion shock wave overpressure peak increased by 1.2 times, the temperature peak increased by 6.4 times, the quasi-static pressure increased by 2.2 times, and the oxygen concentration consumption increased by 2.8 times.

Key words: thermobaric explosive, internal explosion, afterburning effect, shock wave pressure, thermal effect, oxygen consumption

中图分类号:

TJ301

蒋欣利, 张国凯, 何勇, 姚箭, 王振, 吴玉欣, 刘举, 王明洋. 密闭建筑温压炸药内爆炸后燃效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(8): 2520-2530.

JIANG Xinli, ZHANG Guokai, HE Yong, YAO Jian, WANG Zhen, WU Yuxin, LIU Ju, WANG Mingyang. Afterburning Effect of Thermobaric Explosives in Confined Space[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2520-2530.

图/表 14

表1 试验工况

Table 1 Data of test samples

工况编号	药量/g	铝粉/%	RDX/%
TBX-1	150	35	52
TBX-2	300
LIF-1	150	LiF替代铝粉	52
LIF-2	300

图1 试验布置

Fig.1 Test arrangement

图2 试验实物布置

Fig.2 Test physical arrangement

图3 主要测量设备

Fig.3 Main measuring equipment

图4 温压炸药测温结果

Fig.4 Measured results of explosion temperatures of thermobaric explosives

图5 LIF炸药测温结果

Fig.5 Measured results of explosion temperatures of LIF explosives

图6 温压炸药与LIF炸药温度峰值对比

Fig.6 Comparison of peak temperatures of thermobaric explosives and LIF explosives

图7 TBX-1自由场压力时程曲线

Fig.7 Free field pressure-time curve of TBX-1

图8 0.8m处TBX-2与LIF-2压力时程曲线

Fig.8 Pressure-time curves of TBX-2 and LIF-2 at 0.8m

图9 超压峰值随比例爆距变化

Fig.9 Over pressure peak vs. proportional burst distance

图10 正压作用时间随比例距离变化

Fig.10 Positive pressure time vs. proportional distance

表2 300g药量下全过程比冲量

Table 2 Whole processspecific impulse at 300g dosage

爆炸距离/m	全过程比冲量		增大倍数
爆炸距离/m	TBX-2	LIF-2	增大倍数
0.8	2575.50	1140.79	1.26
1.0	4432.71	1561.79	1.84
1.2	4980.22	1403.03	2.55
1.4	5163.14	1989.66	1.59
1.6	5932.21	1836.16	2.23

图11 温压炸药与LIF炸药准静压对比

Fig.11 Comparison of quasi-static pressures of thermobaric explosive and LIF explosive

图12 温压炸药与LIF炸药氧浓度变化

Fig.12 Variation curves of oxygen concentrations of thermobaric explosive and LIF explosive

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