单向式、穿廊式坑道中温压炸药爆炸冲击波消波性能及机理

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依托自主搭建的坑道试验平台,开展了温压炸药在单向式和穿廊式坑道的爆炸试验。综合冲击波超压、正压时间和比冲量3项参数,研究了两种坑道中的冲击波传播规律,分析了坑道构型对波形演化及消波性能的影响,阐释了消波差异的形成机理。结果表明,在单向式和穿廊式坑道中,冲击波由支坑道进入主坑道后会在坑道迎爆面和背爆面产生多种相互作用,形成多峰波形。单向式坑道比冲量较直通式坑道没有明显差异,堵口爆炸和口内爆炸的转弯超压系数分别为1和1.2。穿廊式坑道较直通式坑道有了明显的消减效果,消波后的转弯超压系数和转弯冲量系数均约为0.6。单向式和穿廊式坑道中的冲击波消减效果差异源于冲击波到达主、支坑道连通位置后的传播路径差异。

关键词: 温压炸药, 单向式坑道, 穿廊式坑道, 波形演化, 消波性能

Abstract:

The explosion tests of thermobaric explosive (TBX) in L-shaped and gallery tunnels were carried out on a self-established large-scale tunnel platform. According to the shock wave overpressure, positive pressure duration and specific impulse acquired from the tests, the propagation laws of shock wave in the two kinds of tunnel are studied, and the influence of tunnel shape on the waveform evolution and attenuation ability, and the forming mechanism of attenuation difference to the shock wave are analyzed. The results indicate that, in the L-shaped and gallery tunnels, the shock wave generates multiple interactions with wall surfaces to form the multi-waveforms with multi-peaks after entering the main tunnel through branch tunnels. The specific impulse in L-shaped tunnel is not significantly different from that in long straight tunnel, and the reduction coefficients of the overpressure of air explosion at and in tunnel entrance are 1 and 1.2, respectively. Compared to the long straight tunnel, the gallery tunnel has a significant attenuation effect on the shock wave, and the coefficients of overpressure and specific impulse at turning are both about 0.6. The difference in shock wave attenuation effect between L-shaped and gallery tunnels comes from the difference in propagation paths of shock waves after reaching the connected positions of the main and branch tunnels.

Key words: TBX, L-shaped tunnel, gallery tunnel, evolution of waveform, attenuation ability to shock wave

中图分类号:

TJ41
TU352.6

纪玉国, 张国凯, 李干, 邓树新, 徐天涵, 姚箭, 李杰, 王明洋, 何勇. 单向式、穿廊式坑道中温压炸药爆炸冲击波消波性能及机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S1): 26-40.

JI Yuguo, ZHANG Guokai, LI Gan, DENG Shuxin, XU Tianhan, YAO Jian, LI Jie, WANG Mingyang, HE Yong. Attenuation Characteristics and Mechanism of Explosion Shock Wave Generated by Thermobaric Explosive in L-shaped and Gallery Tunnels[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 26-40.

图/表 29

图1 单向式坑道

Fig.1 L-shaped lunnel

图2 长单向式坑道试验布置

Fig.2 Test arrangement of long L-shaped tunnel

图3 短单向式坑道试验布置

Fig.3 Test arrangement of short L-shaped tunnel

图4 穿廊式坑道内部空间实景

Fig.4 Internal space in gallery tunnel

图5 长穿廊式坑道试验布置平面图

Fig.5 Test arrangement of long gallery tunnel

图6 短穿廊式坑道试验布置平面图

Fig.6 Test arrangement of short gallery tunnel

图7 直通式、长单向式、长穿廊式坑道试验A3a测点和A7a测点压力曲线对比

Fig.7 Comparison of pressure curves at A3a and A7a in the tests of straight tunnel, long L-shaped tunnel and gallery tunnel

图8 直通式和长单向式坑道试验A10(20m)测点压力曲线对比

Fig.8 Comparison of pressure curves at A10 (20m) in the tests of straight and long L-shaped tunnels

图9 长单向式坑道试验A8a、A10a和A10w测点压力曲线

Fig.9 Pressure curves at A8a, A10a and A10w in the long L-shaped tunnel test

图10 B1截面空气压力和壁面压力曲线

Fig.10 Air pressure and wall pressure on the section of B1

图11 长单向式试验主坑道B1a~B4a号测点压力曲线

Fig.11 Pressure curves at B1a - B4a in the main tunnel of long L-shaped tunnel

图12 长、短单向式主坑道相同测点的冲击波压力曲线

Fig.12 Pressure curves at same measuring points in the main tunnels of long and short L-shaped tunnels

图13 短单向式主坑道内波形演化过程

Fig.13 Evolution process of waveform in the main tunnel of short L-shaped tunnel

图14 穿廊式支坑道和主坑道节点处的压力曲线

Fig.14 Pressure curves around the connection of gallery tunnel

图15 穿廊节点后主坑道和支坑道内的冲击波压力曲线

Fig.15 Pressure curves of shock waves in main and branch tunnels after the connection of gallery tunnel

图16 长、短穿廊式坑道B1a测点压力曲线

Fig.16 Pressure curves at B1a in long and short gallery tunnels

图17 短穿廊坑道中形成的近似三角波

Fig.17 Approximate triangular wave formed in short gallery tunnel

图18 单向主坑道口尾端内外测点冲击波压力曲线

Fig.18 Pressure curves inside and outside the end of the main tunnel of L-shaped tunnel

图19 长单向式、直通式坑道相同测点压力曲线对比

Fig.19 Pressure curves at same measuring points in the long L-shaped and straight tunnels

图20 短单向式、直通式坑道试验相同测点压力对比

Fig.20 Comparison of pressure curves at same points in the short L-shaped and straight tunnels

图21 长、短单向式坑道冲击波转弯冲量系数

Fig.21 kI in the long and short L-shaped tunnels

图22 短单向式坑道试验转弯超压系数和转弯时间系数

Fig.22 kP and kt in long and short L-shaped tunnels

图23 长穿廊式、直通式坑道试验相同测点压力对比

Fig.23 Comparison of pressure curves at same measuring points in the long gallery and straight tunnels

图24 长、短穿廊式坑道试验冲击波转弯冲量系数

Fig. 24 kI in long and short gallery tunnels

图25 长、短穿廊式坑道冲击波转弯超压、时间系数

Fig.25 kP and kt in long and short gallery tunnels

图26 单向式、穿廊式坑道A10w测点压力曲线对比

Fig.26 Pressure curves at A10w in L-shaped and gallery tunnels

图27 单向式、穿廊式主坑道内压力曲线对比

Fig.27 Pressure curves at same measuring points in the main tunnels of L-shaped and gallery tunnels

图28 转弯超压系数随峰值、正压时间变化[19]

Fig.28 Variation of kP with pressure peak and positive pressure duration[19]

图29 长单向式坑道A8a和B2a测点冲击波压力曲线

Fig.29 Pressure curves of shock waves at A8 and B2a in long L-shaped tunnel

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