激波管内压力脉冲演化特性及模拟空爆冲击波的方法研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为利用激波管实现空中爆炸冲击波的模拟,开展了管内压力脉冲演化特性的研究。结合激波管内压力脉冲特性的实验和数值模拟,分析高压气体驱动激波管内形成类似于空中爆炸冲击波激波的过程,总结得到激波管参数对激波特征的影响规律。研究结果表明:激波管内产生的激波是平面波;适当调整激波管高压段与低压段的长度比,可以使低压段内反射稀疏波追赶上右行激波波阵面,在追上位置处形成类似空中爆炸冲击波的激波,高压段压力和长度的减小,稀疏波更容易追赶上激波波阵面;结合量纲分析,建立了形成模拟空中爆炸冲击波所需最小低压段长度,以及所形成的激波峰值超压、正压持续时间等特征参量与激波管内压力、长度等参数之间的关系,为模拟空中爆炸冲击波激波管的设计提供基础理论和数据支撑。

关键词: 激波管, 激波, 冲击波超压, 正压持续时间

Abstract:

The evolution characteristics of pressure pulse in the shock tube are studied to generate a shock wave similar to the air explosion shock wave in the tube. The process of forming a shock wave similar to air explosion shock wave in shock tube driven by high pressure gas is analyzed through the experimental study and numerical simulation of pressure pulse characteristics in shock tube, and the relationship between shock wave characteristics and shock tube parameters is established. The results show that the shock wave generated in the shock tube is a plane wave. When the length of the low pressure section of shock tube is long enough, the reflected rarefaction wave in the low pressure section can catch up with the right shock wave front, and form a shock wave similar to the air explosion shock wave at the overtaking position. The decrease in the driving pressure and length of the high pressure section makes the rarefaction wave easier catch up with the shock wave. As the pressure in the low pressure section increases, the velocity of the shock wave decreases, and the reflected rarefaction wave catches up with the shock wave faster. At the same time, the shock wave travels shorter in the low pressure section, and the positive pressure duration of the shock wave pressure is shorter. The characteristic parameters such as peak overpressure and positive pressure duration of shock wave are related to the driving pressure and length of the low pressure section of the shock tube. Combined with dimensional analysis, the minimum length of low pressure section required to form simulated air explosion shock wave is established, and the relationship among the characteristic parameters such as peak overpressure and positive pressure duration of shock wave and the parameters such as pressure and length in shock tube is established, which provides basic theory and data support for the design of simulated air explosion shock tube.

Key words: shock tube, shock wave, shock wave overpressure, positive pressure duration

中图分类号:

TJ301

周岳兰, 裴鲁, 龙仁荣, 张庆明, 刘博文, 任健康. 激波管内压力脉冲演化特性及模拟空爆冲击波的方法研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3815-3825.

ZHOU Yuelan, PEI Lu, LONG Renrong, ZHANG Qingming, LIU Bowen, REN Jiankang. Study on the Evolution Characteristics of Pressure Pulse in Shock Tube and a Method of Simulating Air Explosion Shock Wave[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3815-3825.

图/表 15

图1 激波管实验设置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of shock tube experimental setup

图2 传感器测点设置

Fig.2 Setting diagram of sensor monitoring points

表1 实验工况参数设置

Table 1 Parameter settings for experimental conditions

工况	高压段压力 p₄/kPa	低压段压力 p₁/kPa	低压段长度 L_dn/m	膜压比 p₄/ p₁
1-1	530	100	8.0	5.3
1-2	600	100	8.0	6.0
1-3	670	100	8.0	6.7
1-4	770	100	8.0	7.7
2-1	520	100	6.79	5.2
2-2	580	100	7.57	5.8

图3 工况1-4各测点的压力时程曲线

Fig.3 Pressure-time curve of each measuring point under working condition 1-4

图4 激波的峰值超压和压力平台时间

Fig.4 Peak overpressure and pressure plateau time of shock wave

图5 工况1-1实验结果与数值模拟结果对比

Fig.5 Comparison of the experimental results of working condition 1-1 with numerically simulated results

表2 激波平台段超压的对比

Table 2 Comparison of overpressures in shock wave plateau segment

工况	实验压力/kPa	仿真压力/kPa	误差/%
1-1	321.5	337.7	5.1
1-2	354.9	380.5	7.2
1-3	438.5	471.8	7.5
1-4	503.6	539.4	7.2

图6 激波管膜片破裂后的气体状态

Fig.6 The state of gas after the rupture of shock tube diaphragm

图7 不同时刻激波管内气压分布

Fig.7 Pressure distribution in shock tube at different times

图8 激波与爆炸冲击波的对比

Fig.8 Comparison of shock wave and explosion shock wave

图9 激波管参数对形成位置的影响

Fig.9 Influence of the shock tube parameters on formation position

图10 模拟冲击波形成位置的拟合结果对比

Fig.10 Fitted results of the shock wave formation position

图11 激波管参数对冲击波特征参量的影响

Fig.11 Influence of the shock tube parameters on shock wave characteristic parameters

图12 激波特征参量的拟合结果对比

Fig.12 Fitted results of the shock characteristic parameters

图13 激波峰值超压和正压持续时间的拟合结果对比图

Fig.13 Comparison of fitted results for shock peak overpressure and positive pressure duration

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