活性元含量对低附带毁伤弹药近场冲击波的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1291

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高现有低附带毁伤技术方案的近场毁伤威力,通过在分装式低附带毁伤弹药的重金属颗粒嵌层中加入不同含量的活性元材料,优化活性元配比,从而增强近场毁伤威力。开展碳化钨-铝粉-硝酸钠-氟橡胶(Tungsten Carbide-Al-NaNO₃-Fluororubber,WC-Al-NaNO₃-FKM)复合材料嵌层中不同含量活性元的静爆试验,利用自由场压力测试系统测得爆炸后的冲击波压力曲线。研究结果表明:活性元含量增加至15%时冲击波超压达到最大,在37.5CD(装药直径)、50CD处分别提高57.5%和18.2%;活性元含量增加至20%时比冲量在37.5CD处最大提高25.7%。在试验结果基础上利用数值模拟方法确定活性元后燃反应模型Miller项参数,得出不同含量活性元后燃反应能量释放规律以及活性元组分反应度随时间的变化关系:在理想情况下,随着活性元含量的增加,后燃反应时间减小。研究结果为低附带毁伤战斗部的近场增强设计提供了一种较好的技术策略。

关键词: 活性元含量, 重金属颗粒嵌层, 冲击波超压, 后燃效应

Abstract:

In order to improve the near-field damage power of the existing low collateral damage technology scheme, the ratio of material is optimized by adding different contents of pyrotechnic active materials into the heavy metal particle embedding layer of split-type low collateral damage bomb. The static explosion test of different contents of active material in the WC-Al-NaNO3-FKM composite embedding layer was carried out, and the shock wave pressure curve after explosion was measured by the free field pressure test system. The results show that the shock wave overpressure reaches the maximumwhen the active material content increases to 15%, and is increased by 57.5% and 18.2% at 37.5CD (charge diameter) and 50CD, respectively; The maximum increase in specific impulse at 37.5CD was 25.7% when the active material content was increased to 20%. On the basis of the test results, the parameters of Miller item in the afterburning reaction model of active materialare determined by numerical simulation method, and the energy release law of afterburning reaction with different contents of active material and the relationship between the reactivity of active material component and its change with time were obtained. In an ideal situation, the afterburning reaction time decreases with the increase in the active material content. The research results provide a better technical strategy for the near-field enhanced damage element design of low collateral damage warhead.

Key words: active material content, heavy metal particle embedding layer, shock wave overpressure, afterburning effect

中图分类号:

TJ45

范瑞军, 王晓锋, 王金英, 周捷, 王少宏, 皮爱国. 活性元含量对低附带毁伤弹药近场冲击波的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1613-1624.

FAN Ruijun, WANG Xiaofeng, WANG Jinying, ZHOU Jie, WANG Shaohong, PI Aiguo. Effect of Active Material Content on the Near-field Shock Wave of Low Collateral Damage Bomb[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1613-1624.

图/表 19

图1 重金属颗粒嵌层组分及试件

Fig.1 Heavy metal particle embedded components and specimen

表1 重金属颗粒嵌层配方

Table 1 Heavy metal particle embedded formulation

序号	重金属颗粒嵌层配比				WC 粒径/ μm	铝粉尺寸/ μm
序号	WC%	Al%	NaNO₃/ %	复合粘结剂%	WC 粒径/ μm	铝粉尺寸/ μm
LCD-1	90	0	0	10	150~250	80~150
LCD-2	82	9.1	3.9	5	150~250	80~150
LCD-3	75	13.3	7.3	4.4	150~250	80~150
LCD-4	70	17.3	9.6	3.1	150~250	80~150

图2 典型RM配方的TG曲线

Fig.2 TG curves of typical active material formulations

图3 分装式低附带毁伤缩比战斗部模型

Fig.3 Split-type low collateral damage scale warhead model

图4 测试装置及试验现场布置

Fig.4 Composition of testing device and layout of test site

图5 冲击波超压峰值曲线

Fig.5 Shock wave overpressure peak curve

图6 不同RM含量试样在不同位置处的冲击波特征参数差异

Fig.6 Differences in shock wave characteristic parameters of specimens with different active material contents at different positions

图7 不同装填方式的RM试样在不同位置处的冲击波特征参数差异

Fig.7 Differences in shock wave characteristic parameters of active material specimens with different packing modes at different positions

图8 不同含量RM的冲击波超压峰值与比冲量的归一化曲线

Fig.8 Normalized curves of shock wave overpressure peak value and specific impulse with different contents of active material

图9 计算模型示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of calculation model

表2 JWL状态方程参数

Table 2 Parameters of JWL equation of state

炸药及RM	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	w	Q/(MJ·kg^-1)	E/(MJ·kg^-1)
B炸药/0% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	0	4.95
B炸药/10% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	15.67	4.95
B炸药/15% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	16.24	4.95
B炸药/20% RM	524.63	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	16.769	4.95

表3 冲击波超压峰值数值模拟结果与试验对比

Table 3 Comparison betweentest and simulated results of shock wave overpressure peak value

R/m	10%RM			15%RM			20%RM
R/m	Δp_i,e/MPa	Δp_i,s/MPa	Δp_i/%	Δp_i,e/MPa	Δp_i,s/MPa	Δp_i/%	Δp_i,e/MPa	Δp_i,s/MPa	Δp_i/%
1.5	0.1692	0.1636	-3.3	0.1796	0.1738	-3.2	0.1686	0.1605	-4.8
2.0	0.0860	0.0895	4.4	0.1040	0.1030	-0.9	0.0880	0.0884	4.5
3.0	0.0400	0.0428	3.3	0.0360	0.0380	2.2	0.0410	0.0410	0

图10 37.5CD处冲击波压力时程曲线

Fig. 10 Shock wave pressure-time curves at 37.5CD

图11 冲击波压力峰值、运动距离随时间变化曲线

Fig.11 Varying curves of shock wave pressure peak and travel distance over time

图12 不同含量RM燃烧分数随时间的变化曲线

Fig.12 Combustion fraction-time curves of active materials with different contents

图13 15%RM试样爆炸场温度-时间曲线

Fig.13 Explosion field temperature-time curve of 15% active material sample

图14 25.0CD处爆炸场温度-时间曲线

Fig.14 Explosion field temperature—time curve at 25.0CD

图15 不同位置处爆炸温度-RM含量曲线

Fig.15 The curves of explosion temperature-active material content at different locations

图16 战斗部缩比模型爆炸作用过程

Fig.16 Explosion process of warhead scale model

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