舰船舱内爆炸载荷下Y形夹层板动响应及抗爆性能影响因素

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0761

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对反舰武器攻击下舰船结构抗毁伤防护问题,采用小型舱室模型实验结合有限元数值分析的方法,分析不同爆距下Y形夹层板结构的动响应特性,总结得到Y形夹层板结构面板的7种变形模式,发现面板变形模式与爆距和与其相连芯层刚度的相对强弱有关,爆距较小时面板易发生局部隆起变形,爆距较大则易发生整体碟形变形或板格变形,芯层强、面板弱时面板易发生板格变形,面板强、芯层弱时则易发生整体碟形变形,迎爆面板和V形芯层的刚度较大时背爆面面板则发生整体碟形变形。总结了Y形芯层在舱内爆炸载荷作用下的3种典型变形情况,即V屈曲I失稳、V屈曲I不变、V不变I不变;探究了迎爆面面板厚度、V形芯层厚度和I形芯层厚度对Y形夹层板结构抗爆性能的影响,发现增加迎爆面面板厚度和I形芯层厚度都可以显著降低背板变形,但增加迎爆面面板厚度会使得结构总吸能降低,增加I形芯层厚度则结构总吸能基本不变,增加V形芯层厚度则V形芯层吸能急剧下降,背板最大变形先增加再减小,结构总吸能下降。

关键词: 舰船结构, 舱内爆炸, Y形夹层板, 动响应, 变形模式, 抗爆性能

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of anti-damage protection of ships under attack by anti-ship weapons,the dynamic response process characteristics of Y-shaped sandwich panel structure under different blast distances are analyzed by means of small cabin model experiment and finite element numerical analysis. Seven deformation modes of Y-shaped sandwich panel structure are summarized. It is found that the deformation mode of the panel is related to the blast distance and the relative strength of the rigidity of the panel and its connecting core, When the explosion distance is small, the panel is prone to local bulge deformation. If the blasting distance is large, it is prone to overall dish deformation or plate lattice deformation. If the core layer is strong and the panel is weak, the panel is prone to plate lattice deformation. If the core layer is strong and the panel is weak, it is prone to overall dish deformation. If the rigidity of the blast facing panel and the V core layer is large, the overall dish deformation of the back blast face panel occurs. Three typical deformation conditions of the Y core layer under the explosion load in the cabin are summarized, namely V buckling I instability V buckling I is constant, V is constant and I is constant; The influence of the thickness of the panel on the blasting surface, the thickness of the v-core layer and the thickness of the I-core layer on the anti-explosion performance of the Y-shaped sandwich panel structure is investigated. It is found that increasing the thickness of the panel on the blasting surface and the thickness of the I-core layer can significantly reduce the deformation of the back plate, but increasing the thickness of the panel on the blasting surface will reduce the total energy absorption of the structure, while increasing the thickness of the I-core layer will basically keep the total energy absorption of the structure unchanged. Increasing the thickness of the v-core layer, the energy absorption of the v-core layer will sharply decrease, and the maximum deformation, The total energy absorption of the structure decreases.

Key words: ship structure, explosion in the cabin, Y-shaped sandwich panel, dynamic response, deformation mode, antiknock performance

中图分类号:

O347.3

姚梦雷, 侯海量, 李典, 谢悦. 舰船舱内爆炸载荷下Y形夹层板动响应及抗爆性能影响因素[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 837-854.

YAO Menglei, HOU Hailiang, LI Dian, XIE Yue. Dynamic Response of Y-shaped Sandwich Plate and the Influence Factors of Anti Explosion Performance Under the Explosion Load in the Warship Cabin[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 837-854.

图/表 36

图1 舱内爆炸实验装置及实验现场

Fig.1 In cabin explosion test device and test site

图2 Y形夹层板及芯层胞元结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of cell structure of Y-shaped sandwich plate and core layer

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Test conditions

实验工况序号	构形	t_d/mm	t_u/mm	t_y/mm	W/g	爆距/mm
1	A-1	2	2	1	110	100
2	A-1	2	2	1	110	200
3	A-2	3	1	1	110	100
4	B-2	3	1	1	110	100
5	B-1	2	2	1	110	200

图3 Y形夹层板制作过程示意图

Fig.3 Manufacturing process of Y-shaped sandwich plate

图4 拉伸试件尺寸示意图

Fig.4 Dimension diagram of tensile test piece

图5 母材试件与焊缝的应力-应变曲线

Fig.5 Stress strain curve of base metal specimen and weld

表2 钢板的主要力学性能参数

Table 2 Main mechanical property parameters of steel plate

板厚/ mm	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	屈服强度/ MPa	断裂强度/ MPa	密度/ (kg·m^-3)
1	200	0.3	185	300	7 850
2、3	200	0.3	300	375	7 850

图6 各工况舱内爆炸实验Y形夹层板变形结果

Fig.6 Deformation results of Y-shaped sandwich plate in explosion test under various working conditions

图7 各工况舱内爆炸实验Y形夹层板中剖面变形轮廓

Fig.7 Deformation profile of middle section of Y-shaped sandwich plate in explosion test under various working conditions

图8 边界条件验证模型及压力测点布置

Fig.8 Boundary condition verification model and pressure measurement point layout

表3 欧拉域初始爆炸冲击波仿真值及经验值对比

Table 3 Comparison of simulation value and experience value of initial explosion shock wave in Euler domain

测点编号	冲击波超压峰值仿真值/MPa	冲击波超压峰值经验公式计算值/MPa	误差值/%
P₁	5.33	4.77	11.7
P₂	11.00	9.73	11.9
P₃	2.76	3.07	-10.1

表4 低碳钢材料参数

Table 4 Material parameters in simulation

参数	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	E/GPa	ν	σ₀/MPa	E_h/MPa	F_s
数值	7850	210	0.3	300	252	0.28

图9 焊缝区域数值模型示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of numerical model of weld area

图10 数值仿真和实验的迎爆面板、背爆面板轮廓变形曲线

Fig.10 Profile deformation curve of the face plate of the front and back blast surface of numerical simulation and test

图11 Y形夹层板结构实验(左)与数值仿真(右)变形破坏情况对比

Fig.11 Comparison of deformation and failure of Y-shaped sandwich plate structure test (left) and numerical simulation (right)

图12 50mm爆距下舱室内冲击动压的变化过程

Fig.12 Change of impact dynamic pressure in the cabin under 50mm blasting distance

图13 320mm爆距下舱室内冲击动压的变化过程

Fig.13 Change of impact dynamic pressure in cabin under 320mm blasting distance

图14 550mm爆距下舱室内冲击动压的变化过程

Fig.14 Change of impact dynamic pressure in cabin under 550mm blasting distance

图15 爆距50mm Y形夹层板的动态响应过程

Fig.15 Dynamic response process of Y-shaped sandwich plate with explosive distance of 50mm

图16 爆距320mm Y形夹层板的动态响应过程

Fig.16 Dynamic response process of Y-shaped sandwich plate with explosive distance of 320mm

图17 爆距550mm Y形夹层板的动态响应过程

Fig.17 Dynamic response process of 550mm Y-shaped sandwich plate

图18 舱内爆炸载荷作用下Y形夹层板迎爆面板、背爆面板中心点位移-时间历程曲线

Fig.18 Displacement-time history curve of the center point of the front and back explosion face of Y-shaped sandwich panel under the action of explosion load in the cabin

图19 Y形夹层板各个典型工况的挠度变形

Fig.19 Deflection and deformation of Y-shaped sandwich plate under various typical working conditions

表5 工况表

Table 5 Working table

工况编号	迎爆面板厚度 t_d/mm	V形芯层厚度 t_v/mm	I形芯层厚度 t_i/mm	背爆面板厚度 t_u/mm	背板最大变形/ mm	吸能/ J
1	2	0.5	1	2	10.7	2810
2	1	0.5	1	2	17.7	4140
3	3	0.5	1	2	5.7	2040
4	4	0.5	1	2	4.4	1580
5	2	1.0	1	2	13.1	2130
6	2	1.5	1	2	11.7	1930
7	2	2.0	1	2	11.3	1820
8	2	2.5	1	2	10.4	1670
9	2	0.5	0.5	2	13.4	2820
10	2	0.5	1.5	2	9.81	2718
11	2	0.5	2.0	2	9.37	2712
12	2	0.5	2.5	2	9.00	2711

图20 迎爆面板厚度与背板最大变形的关系曲线

Fig.20 Relationship curve between panel thickness of blast facing surface and maximum deformation of back plate

图21 不同迎爆面板厚度下Y形夹层板半剖面变形云图

Fig.21 Deformation cloud diagram of half section of Y-shaped sandwich plate under different panel thickness of blast facing surface

图22 迎爆面板厚度与结构吸能关系曲线

Fig.22 Relationship curve between panel thickness and structural energy absorption of blast facing surface

图23 不同迎爆面板厚度下结构各部分吸能占比

Fig.23 Energy absorption ratio of each part of the structure under different panel thickness of the blast facing surface

图24 V形芯层厚度与背板最大变形的关系曲线

Fig.24 Relationship curve between thickness of V-shaped core layer and maximum deformation of back plate

图25 不同V形芯层厚度下Y形夹层板半剖面变形云图

Fig.25 Half section deformation cloud diagram of Y-shaped sandwich plate under different V-shaped core thickness

图26 V形芯层厚度与结构吸能关系曲线

Fig.26 Relationship curve between V-shaped core layer thickness and structural energy absorption

图27 不同V形芯层厚度结构各部分吸能占比

Fig.27 Energy absorption ratio of each part of structure with different V-shaped core thickness

图28 I形芯层厚度与背板最大变形关系曲线

Fig.28 Relationship curve between thickness of I-shaped core layer and maximum deformation of back plate

图29 不同I形芯层厚度下Y形夹层板半剖面变形云图

Fig.29 Half section deformation cloud diagram of Y-shaped sandwich plate under different thickness of I-shaped core layer

图30 I形芯层厚度与结构吸能关系曲线

Fig.30 Relationship curve between I-shaped core layer thickness and structural energy absorption

图31 不同I形芯层厚度结构各部分吸能占比

Fig.31 Energy absorption ratio of each part of structure with different I-shaped core layer thickness

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