基于爆炸冲击波的头盔防护性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0553

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对爆炸冲击波致脑损伤的防护问题，开展基于爆炸冲击波的头盔防护性能研究，结合壁面压力传感器和颅脑模拟靶标，形成不同头盔结构和头盔内不同位置的冲击波防护试验测试方法，获取模拟靶标前额、颅顶和颅后的压力-时间变化曲线，分析爆炸冲击波在有/无防护条件下的颅脑表面传播规律。试验结果表明：头盔均能有效削弱冲击波超压，前额超压峰值可从无防护的352.57 kPa削弱至戴QGF-03式头盔的151.31 kPa，戴上全盔后则可削弱至11.36 kPa；冲击波在有防护的颅脑靶标传播过程中易发生绕射和叠加汇聚效应，与无防护相比，QGF-03式头盔内颅后超压提高了50%~100%，FAST头盔内颅后超压提高了9%，盔内压力作用时间显著增长，其中防护面罩可以大幅削弱爆炸冲击波对头部的作用，对前额和面部冲击波超压的削弱可达75%；全盔防护效果最好，能在前额、颅顶和颅后三处分别削弱90%、87%、80%超压峰值，密闭性对冲击波防护具有积极作用。

关键词: 冲击波脑损伤, 头盔防护, 颅脑靶标, 冲击波超压

Abstract: To deal with the problem of blast shock wave causing traumatic brain injury, the protective performance of helmets based on blast shock waves was investigated. Combined with the pressure sensor and the head surrogate as the simulation target, the test method of protection against blast shock waves for different helmet structures and different positions in the helmet was developed. The pressure-time curves of the forehead, calvaria and back of head were obtained and the propagation principle of the blast shock wave on the surface of head with or without protection in the experiment were analyzed. The results showed that the helmets can effectively attenuated the peak overpressure of shock waves. The peak overpressure on the forehead could be attenuated from 352.57 kPa without helmet to 151.31 kPa with QGF-03 helmet and to 11.36 kPa with the full-face helmet. At the same time, the shock waves were prone to diffraction and superposition/convergence during the propagation in the head surrogate with helmet. The peak overpressure of the back of head with QGF-03 helmet and FAST helmet respectively increased by 50%-100% and 9% compared to the situation without helmet, and the duration of overpressure on head with helmet was significantly increased. The mask could significantly reduce the effect of the blast shock wave on the head and the peak overpressure of the shock wave on the forehead and face could be attenuated by 75%. The full-face helmet had the best protection effects and the peak overpressure on forehead, calvaria and back of head were respectively reduced by 90%, 87% and 80%. Moreover, the airtightness has a positive effect on protection against shock waves.

Key words: traumaticbraininjury, helmetprotection, headsurrogate, overpressureofshockwave

中图分类号:

O389

伍杨, 覃彬, 王舒, 熊漫漫, 安硕, 卢海涛, 张先锋. 基于爆炸冲击波的头盔防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2121-2128.

WU Yang, QIN Bin, WANG Shu, XIONG Manman, AN Shuo, LU Haitao, ZHANG Xianfeng. Protective Performance of Helmet Based on Blast Shock Wave[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9): 2121-2128.

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