爆炸冲击波超压非均匀分布特性及最优测点数量

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0629

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为掌握炸药爆炸冲击波超压的非均匀分布特性,根据非理想爆轰波特征及空气冲击波的形成机制,探讨了炸药爆炸冲击波超压峰值时空非均匀分布的原因和表现形式,得到了实验影像和测试数据的验证;开展了公斤级和百公斤级装药爆炸冲击波实验,分析了相同对比距离的多个超压峰值测试结果之间的偏离特性,结果表明炸药组分非理想程度越高、装药质量越大、距离装药越近,冲击波超压峰值非均匀特征越显著。在实验数据偏离分析基础上,提出了满足非均匀分布超压准确测试的最优测点数量,将爆炸场划分为对比距离小于1.5m/kg^1/3、1.5~3.0m/kg^1/3、3~5m/kg^1/3和大于5m/kg^1/3共4个区域,对应的最优测点数量分别为6个、5个、4个和2个。

关键词: 冲击波超压, 波阵面, 对比距离, 测点数量, 非理想爆炸

Abstract:

The causes and manifestations of non-uniform spatial-temporal distribution of overpressure peak of explosion shock wave are discussed from the characteristics of non-ideal detonation wave and the formation mechanism of explosion shock wave, which are verified by experimental images and data. Four kinds of 2kg explosives and a 250kg aluminized explosive were detonated to investigate the non-uniform distribution characteristics of shock wave overpressure, and the deviation among the overpressure peaks with the same distance to charge were analyzed. The results show that the higher the non-ideal level of explosive componentsis, the greater the charge mass is, and the closer it is to the charge, the more obvious the non-even characteristics of the overpressure peak are. A method to define the number of test points to meet the accuracy demand for the overpressure is proposed based on the analysis of the experimental data. It is suggested that the blast field should be divided into four areas with scale distances of less than 1.5m/kg^1/3, 1.5~3.0m/kg^1/3, 3~5m/kg^1/3 and more than 5m/kg^1/3. The corresponding optimal number of measuring points is 6, 5, 4 and 2,respectively.

Key words: shock wave overpressure, wave front, scale distance, number of measuring points, non-ideal explosion

中图分类号:

TJ55
O389

张玉磊, 陈华, 袁建飞, 姬建荣, 冯晓军, 刘彦. 爆炸冲击波超压非均匀分布特性及最优测点数量[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 744-753.

ZHANG Yulei, CHEN Hua, YUAN Jianfei, JI Jianrong, FENG Xiaojun, LIU Yan. Non-even Distribution Characteristics of Explosion Shock Wave Overpressure and Optimal Number of Measuring Points[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 744-753.

图/表 18

图1 文献[8]超压峰值结果相对偏差分布

Fig.1 Relative deviation distribution of overpressure peak in Ref.[8]

图2 文献[9]超压峰值结果相对偏差分布

Fig.2 Relative deviation distribution of overpressure peak in Ref.[9]

图3 爆炸冲击波阵面初始形态

Fig.3 Initial shape of shock wave front

图4 匀化后的冲击波波阵面

Fig.4 Final shape of shock wave front

图5 4种2kg被试炸药

Fig.5 Four kinds of 2kg test explosives

图6 测点布设图

Fig.6 Layout of measuring points

表1 2kg装药爆炸冲击波超压峰值测试结果

Table 1 Test results of overpressure peaks of 2kg explosivesMPa

2.52m				3.15m				3.78m
R	H	R+A	H+A	R	H	R+A	H+A	R	H	R+A	H+A
0.498	0.503	0.510	0.571	0.307	0.310	0.314	0.330	0.219	0.223	0.224	0.234
0.472	0.485	0.507	0.504	0.297	0.298	0.309	0.323	0.217	0.223	0.215	0.216
0.468	0.478	0.488	0.490	0.294	0.295	0.306	0.316	0.208	0.216	0.213	0.215
0.455	0.473	0.487	0.485	0.285	0.281	0.302	0.296	0.206	0.207	0.212	0.213
0.435	0.460	0.445	0.483	0.280	0.280	0.300	0.293	0.203	0.205	0.207	0.210
0.429	0.448	0.435	0.480	0.276	0.278	0.290	0.288	0.202	0.201	0.202	0.207
0.428	0.434	0.430	0.474	0.274	0.274	0.288	0.284	0.202	0.200	0.201	0.205
0.414	0.422	0.415	0.460	0.271	0.270	0.283	0.284	0.196	0.195	0.196	0.199
0.412	0.412	0.410	0.459	0.262	0.266	0.276	0.276	0.195	0.191	0.195	0.197
0.401	0.404	0.403	0.443	0.252	0.250	0.250	0.257	0.192	0.188	0.191	0.196

图7 不同装药的爆炸冲击波超压峰值均值

Fig.7 Mean value of overpressure peaks caused by different explosives at the same distance

图8 不同装药超压峰值测试最大偏差随距离分布

Fig.8 Maximum deviation of overpressure peaks at same distance versus scale distance of different explosives

图9 不同装药超压峰值测试平均偏离随距离分布

Fig.9 Mean deviation of overpressure peaks at same distance versus scale distance of different explosives

表2 250kg装药爆炸冲击波超压峰值测试结果

Table 2 Test results of overpressure peak of 250kg explosives

距离/m	对比距离/(m·kg^-1/3)	超压峰值测试结果/MPa								峰值均值/MPa
8.5	1.35	3.025	2.822	2.557	2.437	2.417	2.246	1.934	1.814	2.407
15.0	2.38	0.707	0.672	0.678	0.665	0.610	0.554	0.553	0.478	0.615
25.0	3.97	0.168	0.151	0.150	0.150	0.137	0.136	0.135	0.134	0.145
38.0	6.03	0.054	0.052	0.052	0.051	0.050	0.050	0.048	0.046	0.050

图10 250kg装药爆炸冲击波p-t时程

Fig.10 Pressure-time history of 250kg explosives

图11 冲击波超压峰值衰减趋势

Fig.11 Variation of overpressure peak with scale distance

图12 250kg装药超压峰值测试最大偏差随距离分布

Fig.12 Maximum deviation of overpressure peaks at same distance versus scale distance of 250kg explosives

图13 250kg装药超压峰值测试平均偏差随距离分布

Fig.13 Mean deviation of overpressure peaks at same distance versus scale distance of 250kg explosives

图14 不同测点数量实验结果均值与期望值的最大偏差

Fig.14 Maximum deviation between test result and p ¯ with different number of measuring points

表3 最大偏差为10%时的测点数量与对比距离关系

Table 3 Relationship between m and r ¯ for maximun deviation =10%

m	2	3	4	5	6
$r ¯$	4.63	3.74	2.62	1.29	全域满足

表3 最大偏差为10%时的测点数量与对比距离关系

Table 3 Relationship between m and r ¯ for maximun deviation =10%

m	2	3	4	5	6
$r ¯$	4.63	3.74	2.62	1.29	全域满足

表4 2kg装药不同测点数量实验结果的最大平均偏差

Table 4 Maximum deviation of experimental results of 2kg explosives under the conditions of different number of measuring points

测点数量	$r ¯$ =2.0				$r ¯$ =2.5				$r ¯$ =3.0
测点数量	R	H	R+A	H+A	R	H	R+A	H+A	R	H	R+A	H+A
m=6	4.84%	5.00%	6.62%	3.79%	3.80%	3.76%	4.01%	4.88%	2.78%	4.02%	3.37%	3.28%
m=5	5.53%	6.17%	7.59%	4.48%	4.57%	4.50%	4.93%	5.73%	3.27%	4.83%	4.18%	4.02%
m=4	7.26%	7.50%	9.93%	5.69%	5.70%	5.64%	6.01%	7.31%	4.17%	6.03%	5.06%	4.92%
m=3	25.87%	26.35%	27.68%	27.38%	16.99%	17.07%	17.47%	18.69%	12.39%	13.45%	12.87%	13.04%
m=2	31.04%	31.31%	32.62%	33.70%	20.11%	20.32%	20.40%	22.08%	14.87%	15.73%	15.07%	15.46%

表4 2kg装药不同测点数量实验结果的最大平均偏差

Table 4 Maximum deviation of experimental results of 2kg explosives under the conditions of different number of measuring points

测点数量	$r ¯$ =2.0				$r ¯$ =2.5				$r ¯$ =3.0
测点数量	R	H	R+A	H+A	R	H	R+A	H+A	R	H	R+A	H+A
m=6	4.84%	5.00%	6.62%	3.79%	3.80%	3.76%	4.01%	4.88%	2.78%	4.02%	3.37%	3.28%
m=5	5.53%	6.17%	7.59%	4.48%	4.57%	4.50%	4.93%	5.73%	3.27%	4.83%	4.18%	4.02%
m=4	7.26%	7.50%	9.93%	5.69%	5.70%	5.64%	6.01%	7.31%	4.17%	6.03%	5.06%	4.92%
m=3	25.87%	26.35%	27.68%	27.38%	16.99%	17.07%	17.47%	18.69%	12.39%	13.45%	12.87%	13.04%
m=2	31.04%	31.31%	32.62%	33.70%	20.11%	20.32%	20.40%	22.08%	14.87%	15.73%	15.07%	15.46%

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