航行体水下连续发射尾涡遭遇与运动干扰特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0616

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同发射时间间隔下航行体水下连续发射尾涡干扰与弹道特性,基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和能量方程、流体体积方法和重叠网格技术,开展数值方法和网格无关性验证,数值模拟结果与实验测试结果吻合度较好。建立航行体水下连续发射数值模拟方法,研究航行体尾流区涡结构的演变机理、次发航行体表面压力分布、弹道以及俯仰姿态演变规律。研究结果表明:航行体水下连续发射过程中在其尾流中发现了发卡涡形态的流动结构,该涡结构由涡头与两条涡腿组成,通常以多个共同组合的形式存在于航行体尾部的流场区域中;沿涡腿内侧发生喷射事件,沿涡腿外侧发生扫掠事件,同时在涡结构内部形成一定流向尺度的低速条带区域;在横流效应下,当次发航行体表面穿过尾流中涡结构中的低速条带区时,迎背流面压力分布特性得到较大的改善,增加了弹道姿态稳定性。

关键词: 次发航行体, 水下连续发射, 发卡涡包, 时间间隔, 横流效应

Abstract:

In order to study the wake vortex interference and trajectory characteristics of projectiles launched successively underwater at different launching time intervals, based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and energy equation, volume of fluid (VOF) and overlapping grid technology were adopted. Firstly, verification of numerical method and validation of grid independence were presented. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Then the numerical simulation method of projectiles launched successively underwater was established. Based on these, the pressure distribution on the side facing the inflow as well as on the backside, trajectory and pitch attitude, particularly the evolution mechanism of vortex in wake flow were studied. The results showed that hairpin vortex-like flow structure was found, multiple hairpin vortex-like flow structures usually exist in a combined form in the flow field region at the tail of the vehicle. The jet event occurred along the inner side of the vortex leg, and the sweep event occurred outside the vortex leg. Meantime, along the inside of the vortex, a low-speed band with a certain streamwise scale was formed. Under the transverse-flow effect, when the surface of the secondary projectile passed through the low-speed strip region of the vortex in the wake, the pressure distribution characteristics of the flow facing side and its opposite side were greatly improved, the stability of trajectory and pitch attitude was increased.

Key words: secondary projectile, successive launch underwater, hairpin vortex packet, time intervals, transverse-flow speed

中图分类号:

TJ301

施瑶, 任锦毅, 高山, 潘光, 权晓波. 航行体水下连续发射尾涡遭遇与运动干扰特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(10): 3195-3203.

SHI Yao, REN Jinyi, GAO Shan, PAN Guang, QUAN Xiaobo. A Study on the Wake Vortex Encounter and Movement Interference Characteristics of Projectiles Successively Launched Underwater[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(10): 3195-3203.

图/表 18

图1 几何模型与边界条件

Fig.1 Geometry and boundary conditions

表1 受控变量值

Table 1 Controlled variable value

Eu	σ	Fr	d/l	h/l	H/l
4.79	5.63	3.67	0.125	0.0375	8.0

图2 网格划分细节

Fig.2 Meshing details

图3 水下发射实验装置示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

表2 滞止入口压力变化

Table 2 Variation of stagnation inlet pressure with time

时间/s	0	0.0001	0.0400	0.0760
绝对压力/Pa	101325	101325	293312	101325

图4 仿真计算结果(左)与实验结果(右)对比

Fig.4 Comparison of simulation result(left) and experimental result(right)

图5 航行体姿态提取过程流程

Fig.5 Process of vehicle attitude extraction

图6 水下弹道曲线对比

Fig.6 Comparison of ballistic curves

图7 航行体偏转角曲线对比

Fig.7 Comparison of deflection angles

图8 尾涡云图和表面速度矢量图

Fig.8 Evolution of the wake vortexstructure and surface velocity vector

图9 不同发射时序航行体尾涡结构演变(U=0.25, Z2=1)

Fig.9 Evolution of the wake vortex structure of the vehicle at different launch sequences (U=0.25, Z2=1)

图10 不同发射时序航行体尾涡结构演变(U=0.25, Z2=2)

Fig.10 Evolution of the wake vortex structure of the vehicle at different launch sequences (U=0.25, Z2=2)

图11 不同发射时序次发航行体表面迎流侧压力曲线对比(U=0.25, Z2=1)

Fig.11 Comparison of surface pressure curves on the flow facing side of secondary vehicles with different launch sequences(U=0.25, Z2=1)

图12 不同发射时序次发航行体表面背流侧压力曲线对比(U=0.25, Z2=1)

Fig.12 Comparison of surface pressure curves on the side facing against the flow of secondary vehicles with different launch sequences (U=0.25, Z2=1)

图13 不同发射时序次发航行体表面迎流侧压力曲线对比(U=0.25, Z2=2)

Fig.13 Comparison of surface pressure curves on the flow facing side of secondary vehicles with different launch sequences (U=0.25, Z2=2)

图14 不同发射时序次发航行体表面背流侧压力曲线对比(U=0.25, Z2=2)

Fig.14 Comparison of surface pressure curves on the side facing against the flow of secondary vehicles with different launch sequences (U=0.25, Z2=2)

图15 不同发射时序下弹道曲线

Fig.15 Trajectory curves under different launch sequences

图16 不同发射时序下俯仰角曲线

Fig.16 Pitch angle curves under different launch sequences

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