半无限区域雪壤与车轮交互作用接触动力学特性分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0772

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

车轮与雪壤交互作用是车辆在高原、极地等环境下安全行驶的基础。为构建准确表征车轮与雪壤接触过程的车轮-雪壤交互动态模型,建立圆盘加载仿真模型,获取典型雪壤的压力-沉陷关系;基于硬质雪壤建立车轮-雪壤交互数值仿真模型,对车轮-雪壤交互接触作用力进行数值仿真。利用圆盘加载试验结果和实车试验结果,对建立的数值模型进行有效性验证。基于车轮-雪壤交互平均接触应力关系建立车轮-雪壤交互接触作用力解析模型,利用仿真结果对解析模型进行验证。研究结果表明:半无限区域下的圆盘加载数值仿真模型能够有效反映雪壤的压力-沉陷特性,车轮-雪壤交互数值仿真结果与实际车轮行驶的下陷量、运动阻力系数有较好的一致性;车轮行驶滑移率为正时,车轮载荷-沉陷关系和车轮-雪壤交互接触作用力趋于稳定,车轮行驶滑移率为负时,车轮下陷量变大,由此导致垂向支持力正应力部分和运动阻力增加;车轮行驶滑移率为正时,车轮-雪壤交互解析模型可以准确预测车轮-雪壤交互接触作用力的变化趋势。

关键词: 车轮-雪壤交互, 压力-沉陷, 接触作用力, 半无限区域

Abstract:

The interaction between wheels and snow soil is the basis of vehicle safety in plateau, polar and other environments. In order to construct a dynamic wheel-snow interaction model accurately characterizing the contact characteristics between wheels and snow soil, a simulation model of plate sinkage was established to obtain the pressure sinkage relationship of typical snow soil. Based on hard snow soil, a numerical simulation model of wheel-snow interaction was established to simulate the interfacial force of wheels and snow. The results of plate sinkage test and vehicle test were used to verify the validity of the numerical model. Based on the average contact stress, an analytical model of the interfacial force between wheels and snow was established, and the simulation results were used to verify the analytical model. The results show that: 1) the numerical simulation model of plate sinkage in the semi-infinite region can reflect the pressure sinkage characteristics of snow soil, and the simulation results of wheel snow interaction have a good agreement with the actual wheel sinkage and motion resistance coefficient. 2) The simulation results show that when the wheel slip rate is positive, the relationship between wheel load and wheel sinkage and the interfacial force of wheel snow tend to be stable. When the wheel slip rate is negative, the wheel sinkage becomes larger, which leads to the increase of the normal stress part of vertical support force and motion resistance. 3) When the wheel slip rate is positive, the analytical model of wheely-snow interaction can accurately predict the interfacial force of wheely-snow.

Key words: wheel-snow interaction, pressure-sinkage, contact force, semi-infinite area

中图分类号:

TJ301

闫清东, 朱明, 魏巍, 刘城, 王美伟. 半无限区域雪壤与车轮交互作用接触动力学特性分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 925-933.

YAN Qingdong, ZHU Ming, WEI Wei, LIU Cheng, WANG Meiwei. Analysis of Contact Dynamics Characteristics of Tire-snow Interaction in Semi-infinite Snow Region[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 925-933.

图/表 15

图1 圆盘加载的变形区域

Fig.1 Disk loading deformation area

表1 雪壤MDPC材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters of snow MDPC

参数	数值
杨氏模量E/Pa	13.79×10⁶
泊松比ν	0.3
Drucker-Prager内聚力d/Pa	5 000
Drucker-Prage摩擦角β/(°)	22.53
Cap偏心率R	0.02
初始屈服面位置 $ε v o l p l$ \|₀	0.001
过渡面半径α	0
应力流率K	1
密度ρ/(kg·m^-3)	200

表1 雪壤MDPC材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters of snow MDPC

参数	数值
杨氏模量E/Pa	13.79×10⁶
泊松比ν	0.3
Drucker-Prager内聚力d/Pa	5 000
Drucker-Prage摩擦角β/(°)	22.53
Cap偏心率R	0.02
初始屈服面位置 $ε v o l p l$ \|₀	0.001
过渡面半径α	0
应力流率K	1
密度ρ/(kg·m^-3)	200

表2 雪壤的硬化参数

Table 2 Hardening parameters of snow

静水压力/Pa	塑性体积应变
113.76	0
0.05×10⁶	0.593
0.1×10⁶	0.669
0.2×10⁶	0.806
0.5×10⁶	0.944
1.0×10⁶	1.083
2.0×10⁶	1.299
2.8×10⁶	1.455
3.25×10⁶	1.475
6.0×10⁶	1.5
6.0×10⁷	1.514

图2 圆盘加载仿真实验(圆盘半径从左至右依次分别为0.125m、0.150m、0.175m)

Fig.2 Simulation experiment of disk loading(the radius from left to right is 0.125m, 0.150m and 0.175m respectively)

图3 雪的压力-沉陷关系

Fig.3 Snow pressure subsidence relationship

图4 车轮-雪壤交互几何模型

Fig.4 Wheel-snow interactive geometry model

图5 车轮-雪壤交互仿真模型

Fig.5 Wheel-snow interactive simulation model

图6 正应力构成的垂向支持力验证

Fig.6 Verification of vertical supporting force formed by normal stress

图7 车轮-雪壤交互下的剪应力分布

Fig.7 Shear stress distribution under wheel-snow interaction

图8 车轮中心下陷量和滑移状态的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between center sag and slip state of wheel

图9 牵引力和滑移率的关系

Fig.9 The relationship between traction and slip rate

图10 运动阻力和滑移率之间的关系

Fig.10 The relationship between motion resistance and slip rate

图11 圆盘加载试验验证

Fig.11 Disk loading test verification

图12 雪壤塑性变形的结果对比

Fig.12 Comparison of simulation and experimental results of plastic deformation of snow soil

图13 车轮-雪壤交互仿真模型的试验验证

Fig.13 Verification of wheel-snow interactive simulation model

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