基于数字图像相关原理的埋头弹程序燃烧特性试验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析埋头弹的装药程序燃烧特性和上膛挤进运动特性,对埋头弹两级点火发射过程进行试验研究。设计并建立程序燃烧特性试验系统,采用高速摄像系统获得各组弹丸的运动图像序列。基于数字图像相关原理,对各组图像序列进行定性和定量分析,对回收的弹带刻槽形貌分析测量,获得一级点火的弹丸运动特性,两级点火的程序燃烧特性以及弹带刻槽形貌特性。研究结果表明:速燃点火药的质量直接影响一级点火弹丸上膛性能,质量增加时弹丸上膛时间显著缩短,上膛速度大幅提高;可燃导向筒过早的破碎会导致上膛速度大幅增加,使弹带刻槽形貌非常恶劣,不能可靠密封弹后火药燃气和可靠导转弹丸运动,影响内弹道性能和弹丸的膛内运动姿态;需要对速燃点火药与可燃导向筒进行合理的匹配设计,保证可燃导向筒的破碎时机处于可控范围,从而实现理想的两级点火和程序燃烧设计目标。

Abstract:

The two-stage ignition and firing process of cased telescoped ammunition is experimentally researched to analyze the burning characteristics of charge and the movement characteristics of loadng and engraving. A high-speed camera system is used to capture the motion image sequences of every projectile group, and a test system for the procedural burning characteristics is devised and assembled. Based on the principle of digital image correlation, the image sequences are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and the grooved morphology of the recovered band is analyzed and measured, so as to obtain the movement characteristics of projectile for one-stage ignition, the procedural burning characteristics for two-stage ignition, and the grooved morphology of the band. The findings demonstrate that the mass of fast-burning powder directly affects the loading performance of the first-stage ignition projectile. The loading time of projectile is significantly shortened and the loading speed is greatly increased when the mass of fast-burning ignition powder is increased. The premature fragmentation of combustible guide tube leads to a significant increase in the loading speed, resulting in a very poor band grooved morphology, which does not reliably seal the rear powder gas and steer the projectile motion, thus affecting the interior ballistic trajectory performance and the in-bore motion attitude of projectile. The reasonable matching design of fast-burning ignition powder and combustible guide tube can keep the break-up timing of combustible guide tube in a controllable range, so as to realize the ideal two-stage ignition and procedural burning design objectives.

Key words: cased telescoped ammunition, digital image correlation principle, two-stage ignition, procedural burning, combustible guide tube, loading speed, rotating band groove

中图分类号:

师军飞, 钱林方, 陈光宋, 尹强, 刘道坤, 李仲刚. 基于数字图像相关原理的埋头弹程序燃烧特性试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(4): 1047-1059.

SHI Junfei, QIAN Linfang, CHEN Guangsong, YIN Qiang, LIU Daokun, LI Zhonggang. Research on the Procedural Burning Characteristics of Cased Telescoped Ammunition Based on Digital Image Correlation Principle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(4): 1047-1059.

图/表 14

图1 短身管弹道发射装置组成图

Fig.1 Composition of short-barrelled ballistic launcher

表1 试验弹装药参数

Table 1 Charge parameters of test projectile

弹药编号	点火药质量/g	可燃导向筒质量/g	主装药质量/g
1	1.5	标准	不装
2	1.8	标准	不装
3	2.0	标准	不装
4	1.5	标准	标准
5	1.8	标准	标准
6	2.0	标准	标准

图2 埋头弹程序燃烧特性试验系统

Fig.2 Procedural burning characteristics test system for cased telescoped ammunition

图3 弹丸表面散斑制备流程

Fig.3 Preparation process of speckles on the projectile surface

图4 数字图像相关原理

Fig.4 Digital image correlation principle

图5 弹丸上膛挤进过程时序图

Fig.5 Sequence diagram of projectile loading and engraving process

图6 弹丸运动图像相关分析

Fig.6 Correlation analysis of projectile motion images

图7 1~3号埋头弹弹丸的上膛挤进过程运动特性

Fig.7 Motion characteristics of the loading and engraving process of projectile No.1-3

表2 弹丸上膛时间和上膛速度

Table 2 Projectile loading time and soeed

弹药编号	上膛速度/(m·s^-1)	上膛时刻/ms	运动状态
1	40.85	5.74	留膛
2	51.11	4.23	飞出炮口
3	57.25	3.57	飞出炮口

图8 1~3号埋头弹弹丸的弹带刻槽形貌

Fig.8 Band's grooved morphologies for projectiles No.1-3

图9 3号埋头弹弹丸的弹带对火药燃气的密封性

Fig.9 Sealing of No.3 projectile band against the powder gas

图10 4~6号埋头弹弹丸的弹带刻槽形貌

Fig.10 Band's grooved morphologies for projectiles No.4-6

图11 6号弹丸图像序列与弹丸膛内实际运动位置对比

Fig.11 Comparison of the image sequence and real motion position of No.6 projectile inside the chamber

表3 弹丸的上膛速度变化

Table 3 Variation of loading speed of projectile

弹丸编号	上膛速度/(m·s^-1)	速度增量/(m·s^-1)
4	>81.2	>40.35
5	>96.7	>45.59
6	>114.3	>57.05

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