考虑骨料级配的混凝土靶板接触爆炸破坏模式

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Voronoi 技术建立混凝土靶板三维细观模型,并利用有限元软件对混凝土靶板在接触爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应及损伤破坏进行了模拟研究。模型考虑了骨料粒径、体积分数、级配等细观因素,真实地反映了高强度骨料和低强度砂浆对混凝土材料动态力学性能的影响。通过与参考实验结果对比可知,该细观模型可以对混凝土靶板的爆坑尺寸和破坏形貌等特征进行有效描述。在此基础上,分析了骨料级配对混凝土靶板塑性变形及破坏模式的影响规律,并对骨料在混凝土靶板爆炸响应过程中的影响机制展开讨论。研究结果表明:冲击波在混凝土靶板内部的球面传播特性受到骨料的干扰,混凝土靶板的损伤分布具有随机性。连续级配和间断级配骨料分布下,混凝土靶板受到骨料级配的影响较小,其破坏尺寸相差较小,破坏模式呈现明显的剥落特征;而单级配骨料分布下,混凝土靶板受到骨料级配的影响较为显著,其破坏尺寸变化幅度较大,破坏模式表现出明显的贯穿特征。此外,单级配骨料分布的混凝土靶板内部产生的约束力更大,其塑性变形能力较差。该研究成果将在细观尺度为混凝土的抗爆性能评估与结构优化设计提供重要的理论与工程应用价值。

关键词: 混凝土靶板, 接触爆炸, 细观模型, 骨料级配, 破坏模式

Abstract:

A three-dimensional meso-scale model of concrete slabs with randomly distributed aggregates based on Voronoi technology is presented, and the finite element software is employed to simulate the dynamic response and damage of concrete slabs under contact blast loading. The proposed model takes into account the mesoscopic factors such as aggregate size, volume fraction and gradation, and provides accurate insights into the influence of high-strength aggregate and low-strength mortar on the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete. Compared with the referenced experimental results, the model can be used to predict the crater size and failure pattern of concrete slab under the contact blast loading. Furthermore, the influence of aggregate gradation on the plastic deformation and failure patterns of concrete slabs is studied, and the influence mechanism of aggregates in the explosion response process of concrete slab is discussed. The results show that the spherical characteristic of the shock wave propagating in concrete slab is disturbed by aggregates, which leads to a random damage distribution. The aggregate gradation has little effect on the concrete slabs with the aggregate distribution of continuous gradation or discontinuous gradation. Both of them have the same failure pattern with obvious spalling characteristics, and the damage degree also has little different. However, the blast response of concrete slab is significantly influenced when only the single gradation of aggregate is considered, and it presents obvious penetrating characteristics. The concrete slab with single gradated aggregate has stronger binding force, which reduces the plastic deformation of the concrete. The research result provides important theoretical and engineering application values for the evaluation of anti-explosion performance and structural optimization design of concrete at the meso-scale level.

Key words: concrete slab, contact blast, meso-scale model, aggregate gradation, failure pattern

中图分类号:

TJ301

亓晓鹏, 张杰, 赵婷婷, 王志勇, 王志华. 考虑骨料级配的混凝土靶板接触爆炸破坏模式[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3641-3653.

QI Xiaopeng, ZHANG Jie, ZHAO Tingting, WANG Zhiyong, WANG Zhihua. The Failure Patterns of Concrete Slabs with Different Aggregate Gradations under Contact Blast Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3641-3653.

图/表 26

图1 混凝土有限元模型

Fig.1 Finite element model of concrete

表1 炸药材料参数[25]

Table 1 Material parameters of explosive[25]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1630	R₁	4.15
D/(m·s^-2)	6930	R₂	0.9
P/GPa	21	ω	0.35
A/GPa	374	E₀/GPa	6
B/GPa	3.474

表2 空气材料参数[26]

Table 2 Material parameters of air[26]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ_a/(kg·m^-3)	1.29	C₀/MPa	-0.101
γ	1.4	E/MPa	0.25

图2 不同网格尺寸立方体的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线比较

Fig.2 Comparison of uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves with different mesh sizes

图3 混凝土单轴抗压强度应力-应变曲线

Fig.3 Stress-strain curve of concrete under the uniaxial compression

表3 骨料材料参数与失效判据

Table 3 Material parameters and failure criteria of aggregate

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	2660	ε_max	0.01
ν	0.16	ε_min	-0.02
f_t/MPa	16	R_s	0.3937
f_c/MPa	160	U_c	1.45×10⁷

表4 砂浆材料参数与失效判据

Table 4 Material parameters and failure criteria of mortar

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	2280	ε_max	0.011
ν	0.22	ε_min	-0.04
f_t/MPa	4	R_s	0.3937
f_c/MPa	40	U_c	1.45×10⁷

图4 实验混凝土靶板有限元模型

Fig.4 Finite element model of experimental concrete slab

图5 不同网格尺寸混凝土靶板的破坏结果预测

Fig.5 Predicted failure results of concrete slabs with different mesh sizes

图6 接触爆炸作用下混凝土靶板破坏形貌的数值模拟与实验结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of simulated and experimental failure morphologies of concrete slab under contact explosion

表5 数值模拟结果和实验结果比较

Table 5 Comparison of simulated and experimental results

参数	数值模拟	现场实验	相对误差/%
迎爆坑直径d_c/mm	490	540	-9.3
迎爆坑深度h_c/mm	55	85	-35.2
背爆坑直径d_s/mm	880	900	-2.2
背爆坑深度h_s/mm	125	140	-10.7

表6 粗骨料的级配组合

Table 6 Gradation combination of coarse aggregate%

粒组	LJ-1	JJ-1	DJ-1
5~20mm	20	0	0
20~40mm	20	50	0
40~60mm	30	0	0
60~80mm	30	50	100

图7 不同骨料级配分布的混凝土靶板细观模型

Fig.7 Meso-scale models of concrete slabs with different aggregate gradations

图8 混凝土靶板的支撑设置

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of support setting for concrete slab

图9 混凝土靶板在不同时刻下的有效塑性应变(1/4模型)

Fig.9 Evolution process of effective plastic strain of concrete slab (1/4 model)

表7 150g TNT接触爆炸作用下混凝土靶板的破坏结果

Table 7 Failure of concrete slabs under contact explosion loading with a charge of 150g TNT

表8 300g TNT接触爆炸作用下混凝土靶板的破坏结果

Table 8 Failure of concrete slabs under contact explosion loading with a charge of 300g TNT

表9 450g TNT接触爆炸作用下混凝土靶板的破坏结果

Table 9 Failure of concrete slabs under contact explosion loading with a charge of 450g TNT

表10 不同骨料级配混凝土靶板的破坏情况

Table 10 Failure of concrete slabs with different aggregate gradations

编号	炸药量/g	迎爆面		背爆面
编号	炸药量/g	d_c/mm	h_c/mm	d_s/mm	h_s/mm
LJ-1	150	320	25	573	75
J J-1	150	340	30	511	85
DJ-1	150	330	105	383	110
LJ-1	300	449	30	621	104
J J-1	300	437	35	570	110
DJ-1	300	425	贯穿	481	贯穿
LJ-1	450	497	30	800	136
J J-1	450	511	35	800	153
DJ-1	450	493	贯穿	538	贯穿

图10 有限厚混凝土板表面点源爆炸介质区域划分[3]

Fig.10 Regional division of the limited thickness concrete slab subjected to point-source explosion[3]

图11 骨料填充效应示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of aggregate filling effect

图12 骨料内能时程曲线

Fig.12 Time-history curves of aggregate internal energy

表11 DJ-1板、JJ-1板、LJ-1板中骨料的应力分布

Table 11 Stress distribution of aggregates within DJ-1 slab, JJ-1 slab and LJ-1 slab

图13 LJ-1、JJ-1、DJ-1板中E、F、G点位置

Fig.13 The positions of points E, F and G in the LJ-1, JJ-1 and DJ-1 slabs

图14 E、F、G处压力-时间曲线

Fig.14 Pressure-time curves at points E, F and G

图15 砂浆、骨料及骨料周围单元压力-时间曲线

Fig.15 Pressure-time curves of mortar, aggregate and elements around the aggregate

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