基于合成虚拟阵列的脉冲多普勒引信高分辨DOA估计方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0433

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高脉冲多普勒(Pulse Doppler,PD)引信的波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)分辨率,利用引信的运动特性,将不同时刻下的回波数据进行组合,合成一个大孔径的虚拟阵列,达到扩展孔径的目的,并利用数字波束形成(Digital Beam Forming,DBF)实现对目标的高分辨角度估计。针对合成虚拟阵列非均匀性导致DBF计算复杂度高的问题,将合成虚拟阵列分解为固有子阵与运动子阵,分别进行DBF处理后并用两波束的乘积代替合成虚拟阵列的波束,在保证高角度分辨率的同时,降低对合成虚拟阵列直接进行DBF运算的复杂度。仿真与实验结果表明,在较少阵元的情况下该方法有效地提高了PD引信的DOA分辨率。

关键词: 脉冲多普勒引信, 波达方向, 合成虚拟阵列, 阵列分解, 数字波束形成

Abstract:

A DOA method based on synthetic virtual array is proposed to achieve a high direction-of-arrival(DOA) resolution forpulse Doppler(PD) fuze. Taking advantage of the motion characteristics of PD fuze, a largervirtual aperture array can be formed by combining the target echoes data at different moments. In order to solve the problem of high computational complexity caused by the non-uniformity of synthetic virtual array, the synthetic virtual array is decomposed into original subarray and moving subarray. After DBF processing, the wave beams of two subarrays is used to replace the wave beam the synthetic virtual array, which not only obtains the high angle resolution, but also reduces the complexity of direct DBF operation of synthetic virtual array. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to improvethe DOA resolution of PD fuze under the condition of fewer array elements.

Key words: pulse Doppler fuze, direction of arrival, synthetic array, array decomposition, digital beam forming

中图分类号:

TJ301

王新伟, 闫晓鹏, 郝新红, 陈齐乐, 黄鼎琨. 基于合成虚拟阵列的脉冲多普勒引信高分辨DOA估计方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 97-104.

WANG Xinwei, YAN Xiaopeng, HAO Xinhong, CHEN Qile, HUANG Dingkun. A High Resolution DOA Method Based on Synthetic Virtual Array for Pulse Doppler Fuze[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 97-104.

图/表 15

图1 PD引信天线

Fig.1 Antenna of PD fuze

图2 合成虚拟阵列原理图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of synthetic virtual array

图3 仿真场景示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of simulation scene

表1 仿真参数

Table 1 Simulation parameters

参数	数值
载频f₀/GHz	10
脉冲重频f_m/kHz	100
带宽ΔF/MHz	5
引信速度/(m·s^-1)	500
信噪比/dB	0~10
阵元间隔d	λ/2
接收阵列阵元数	14

图4 SNR=10dB时合成阵列波束

Fig.4 Wave beam of synthetic array for SNR=10dB

图5 基于阵列分解的DOA估计结果

Fig.5 Estimated result of DOA based on array decomposition

表2 多目标下两种DBF方法的角度估计

Table 2 DOA estimation of two DBF methods under the multiple targets

目标	基于阵列分解的DBF 角度估计结果/(°)	合成阵列直接DBF 角度估计结果/(°)
目标1	29.70	29.69
目标2	32.22	32.27
目标3	39.63	39.51
目标4	42.18	42.51

图6 不同信噪比下阵列分解得到的波束

Fig.6 Wave beams got from array decomposition under different SNRs

表3 不同信噪比下两种DBF方法的角度估计

Table 3 DOA estimated results of two DBF methods under different SNRs

信噪比/ dB	目标	基于阵列分解的DBF 角度估计结果/(°)	合成阵列直接DBF 角度估计结果/(°)
5	目标1	29.62	29.71
	目标2	32.27	32.41
0	目标1	29.63	29.67
	目标2	32.31	32.37

图7 两种方法的复杂度

Fig.7 Complexity of two methods

图8 两种方法的计算量

Fig.8 Calculation amount of two methods

图9 MUSIC算法与阵列分解DBF算法

Fig.9 DOA estimated results pf MUSIC algorithm and array decomposition-based DBF algorithm

图10 实验所用PD引信

Fig.10 PDfuze used in experiment

图11 实验场景原理图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of experimental scene

图12 实验结果

Fig.12 Experimental results

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