分段弹芯对陶瓷/钢复合装甲的侵彻行为

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0274

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高速弹靶作用时穿甲弹芯发生变形及破碎的现象,设计一种两级分段弹芯结构,采用有限元仿真软件对两级弹芯结构侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板进行数值模拟。根据弹靶作用过程中的弹靶破坏模式、两级弹芯结构的运动规律,对侵彻过程进行阶段分析,并在此基础上探讨弹芯长度比例、间隔距离等因素对两级弹芯结构侵彻性能的影响。研究结果表明:两级弹芯结构较普通弹芯的侵彻深度增加率可达到16%以上;两级弹芯长度比例和间距对侵彻效果影响较大,选择合理的长度比例和间距有助于提高两级分段弹丸对陶瓷/钢复合靶板的侵彻性能;研究结果为两级分段弹芯的设计及应用奠定了基础。

关键词: 分段弹芯, 弹体破碎, 陶瓷/钢复合靶板, 侵彻行为

Abstract:

A two-stage segmented core structure is designed for the phenomena of deformation and fragmentation of armor-piercing core during the impact of a high-speed projectile on a target plate, and the finite element analysis software is used to numerically simulate the penetration of two-stage core structure into the ceramic/steel composite target plate. The stage analysis of the penetration process is carried out based on the damage pattern of target and the motion law of two-stage core structure, and the influences of core length ratio, spacing and other factors on the penetration performance of two-stage core structure are discussed. The results show that the increase in the penetration depth of two-stage core structure can reach more than 16% compared with that of the ordinary core. It is found that the length ratio and spacing of two-stage cores have a great influence on the penetration effect, and the selection of reasonable length ratio and spacing can help improve the penetration performance of two-stage segmented projectiles on ceramic/steel composite target plates.

Key words: segmented core, fragmentation of projectile, ceramic/steel composite target plate, penetration behavior

中图分类号:

TJ301

王明扬, 郑宇轩, 李天鹏, 程春, 王远超. 分段弹芯对陶瓷/钢复合装甲的侵彻行为[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3667-3675.

WANG Mingyang, ZHENG Yuxuan, LI Tianpeng, CHEN Chun, WANG Yuanchao. Behavior of Segmented Projectile Penetrating into Ceramic/Steel Composite Armor[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3667-3675.

图/表 17

图1 两级弹芯结构侵彻陶瓷/钢靶板的基本结构

Fig.1 Basic structure of two-stage core structure penetrating ceramic/steel target plate

图2 两级弹芯结构侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model of two-stage core structure penetrating ceramic/steel composite target plate

表1 T12A[24]、6061铝合金和45号钢材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters of T12A[24], 6061 aluminum alloy and 45 # steel

材料	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	G/ GPa	ν	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	n
T12A钢	7.80	82.00	0.30	1.54	0.48	0.18
6061铝合金	2.70	27.60	0.33	0.15	0.20	0.33
45号钢	7.85	77.00	0.33	0.71	0.56	0.51
材料	C	m	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄
T12A钢	0.012	1.00	0.15	0.72	-0.66	0.43
6061铝合金	0.03	1.44	0.63	-4.57× 10^-6	17.43	0.01
45号钢	0.037	0.698	0.10	0.74	1.57	0.005

表2 Al2O3陶瓷面板的材料参数[25]

Table 2 Material parameters of Al2O3 ceramic panel[25]

材料	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	G/ GPa	K₁/ GPa	K₂/ GPa	K₃/ GPa	σ_HEL/ GPa	β
Al₂O₃	3.89	152	231	5.1	0.26	6.57	1
A	N	C	B	M	D₁	D₂	S_fmax
0.88	0.64	0.007	0.28	0.6	0.01	0.7	0.2045

图3 仿真模型

Fig.3 Simulation model

图4 试验靶板与弹体破损情况对比(上为试验结果,下为仿真结果)

Fig.4 Comparison of experimental target plate and projectile damages(The upper part is the test results, and the lower part is the simulated results)

表3 试验与数值模拟对比

Table 3 Comparison between experimental and numerically simulated results

序号	仿真靶板设置	速度/ (m·s^-1)	DOP 试验值/ mm	DOP 仿真值/ mm	仿真结果偏差/%
1	70mm铝合金	758	26.85	27.62	2.80
2	10mmAl₂O₃陶瓷+ 30mm铝合金(无约束)	764	8.37	8.11	3.10
3	10mmAl₂O₃陶瓷+ 30mm铝合金(侧向约束)	763	6.87	7.26	5.67

图5 两级弹芯结构运动曲线

Fig.5 Motion curves of two-stage core structure

图6 两级弹芯结构侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板过程

Fig.6 The process of two-stage core structure penetrating ceramic/steel composite target plate

图7 两级弹芯结构侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板开坑过程

Fig.7 Pit opening process of two-stage core structure penetrating ceramic/steel composite target plate

图8 两级弹芯结构对陶瓷/钢复合靶板的侵彻响应机制

Fig.8 Response mechanism of two-stage projectile core structure penetrating into ceramic/steel composite target plate

图9 两级弹芯结构侵彻钢背板阶段

Fig.9 Stage of two-stage core structure penetrating into steel backplane

图10 后级弹芯单独侵彻阶段

Fig.10 Separate penetration stage of post-stage core

图11 不同弹芯长度比例情况下的侵彻深度及形貌特征

Fig.11 Penetration depth and morphology characteristics under different core length ratios

表4 不同弹芯长度比例对侵彻深度的影响

Table 4 Influence of different core length ratio on penetration depth

侵彻速度/ (m·s^-1)	弹芯长度比例/ mm	侵彻深度/ mm	侵彻深度提升率/%
700	0/50(普通)	24.29
700	5/45	27.60	13.63
700	10/40	22.43	-7.69
700	15/35	21.83	-10.12
700	20/30	22.43	-7.69

图12 不同弹芯长度比例和不同弹芯间距情况下两级弹芯结构的侵彻深度

Fig.12 Penetration depth diagram of two-stage core structure under different core length ratios and different core spacings

表5 不同弹芯长度比例和不同弹芯间距情况下两级弹芯结构的侵彻深度

Table 5 Penetration depths of two-stage core structure under different core length ratios and different core spacings mm

弹芯比例	间距/mm
弹芯比例	1	3	5	10
0/50	24.29
5/45	27.60	28.30	27.63	28.30
10/40	22.43	21.24	19.53	24.19
15/35	21.83	24.93	24.30	23.67
20/30	22.43	25.37	25.12	26.91

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