基于热力耦合的航空玻璃双向拉伸

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0459

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高航空玻璃双向拉伸质量和拉伸成功率,满足军用战机要求,对航空玻璃双向拉伸进行研究。基于黏弹性材料的热力耦合理论,利用时温等效性方程,以Prony级数形式模拟有机玻璃的黏弹特性。建立双向拉伸有限元模型,对有机玻璃双向拉伸中的加热、冷却过程进行温度场分析;将计算的温度场结果导入双向拉伸分析,根据仿真选取拉伸速度,得到9个夹具处的位移拉伸力曲线,并拟合出位移-拉伸力关系表达式;对拉伸后的有机玻璃进行冷却定型模拟,航空玻璃冷却产生的力达到拉伸力的约2倍,采用拉杆回缩的方式减小收缩力10000N,防止玻璃破裂或设备损坏。研究结果表明,35mm厚航空玻璃的双向拉伸试验结果与仿真结果一致,根据仿真结果优化拉伸工艺,提高了拉伸质量与成功率。

关键词: 航空玻璃, 黏弹性, 双向拉伸, 有限元仿真

Abstract:

This study focuses on enhancing the quality and success rate of biaxial stretching for aviation glass to meet the stringent requirements of military fighter applications. Based on the thermal mechanical coupling theory of viscoelastic materials, the viscoelastic properties of plexiglass are simulated in the form of Prony series by using the principle of WLF time temperature equivalence. The finite element model of biaxial stretching is established, and the temperature field of heating and cooling process in biaxial stretching of plexiglass is analyzed. The calculated temperature field results are introduced into the biaxial stretch dynamic analysis. The displacement and stretch force curves are obtained for 9 fixtures, and the displacement stretch force relationship expression is fitted. The cooling shaping simulation of the stretched plexiglass is carried out. The force generated by the cooling of aviation glass is about twice the stretch force. The retraction of the pull rod is adopted to reduce the shrinkage force of 10000N to prevent glass breakage or equipment damage. The biaxial stretch test results of 35mm thick aviation glass are consistent with the simulation results. The stretch process is optimized according to the simulation results, and the tensile quality and success rate are improved.

Key words: aviation glass, viscoelasticity, biaxial stretch, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TH145.4

赵文辉, 白士欢, 高大勇, 李晓巍, 段振云. 基于热力耦合的航空玻璃双向拉伸[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(10): 3187-3194.

ZHAO Wenhui, BAI Shihuan, GAO Dayong, LI Xiaowei, DUAN Zhenyun. Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of the Biaxial Stretch of Aviation Glass[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(10): 3187-3194.

图/表 17

图1 有机玻璃温度-形变曲线

Fig.1 Temperature deformation curve of PMMA

图2 拉伸机整体模型

Fig.2 Stretching machine model

图3 夹紧装置

Fig.3 Clamping device

表1 有机玻璃Prony级数定义

Table 1 Definition of PMMA Prony series

编号	g_j	k_j	τ_j
1	0.2106	0.2106	7.92×10^-5
2	0.3385	0.3385	0.00612
3	0.2573	0.2573	0.179
4	0.1362	0.1362	2.67
5	0.0396	0.0396	27.5
6	0.0128	0.0128	216

图4 有机玻璃仿真模型

Fig.4 PMMA simulation model

表2 有机玻璃材料参数定义

Table 2 Definition of PMMA material parameters

材料参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	1190
杨氏模量/MPa	3650
泊松比	0.32
热导率/(w·m^-1·K^-1)	0.19
比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	1470

图5 不同加热时间玻璃板内部温度分布

Fig.5 Internal temperature distribution of the glass plate at different heating times

图6 冷却阶段夹紧区内外温度分布图

Fig.6 Temperature distribution inside and outside the clamping area in the cooling stage

图7 不同速度下拉伸力分布图

Fig.7 Distribution of stretch force at different speeds

图8 拉伸速度-拉伸力曲线图

Fig.8 Stretch speed-stretch force curve

图9 9个夹具处位移-拉伸力曲线

Fig.9 Displacement-stretch force curves at 9 clamps

图10 夹具1位移-拉伸力拟合结果

Fig.10 Fitting results of displacement stretch force

图11 自然冷却拉伸力结果

Fig.11 Natural cooling stretch force results

图12 拉伸试验设备

Fig.12 Stretch test equipment

图13 实时控制面板显示状态

Fig.13 Real time control panel status

图14 冷却23min仿真结果

Fig.14 Simulation results after 23min of cooling

图15 试验与仿真数据对比图

Fig.15 Comparison of experimental and simulation data

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