泡沫铝夹芯板在水中冲击载荷作用下的动态响应与能量耗散

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0539

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对泡沫铝夹芯板在水下冲击载荷下的动态响应和能量耗散机制进行深入分析,旨在为舰船和海洋工程结构的防护设计提供科学依据。通过水下爆炸等效冲击试验和流固耦合仿真,验证试验与仿真结果的一致性,量化结构参数不同芯层质量比、面板厚度和泡沫铝密度与冲击载荷对夹芯板抗冲击性能的影响。利用神经网络和遗传算法,对夹芯板结构进行多目标优化。研究结果表明:受到水下冲击载荷后,泡沫铝夹层板出现局部压溃和边界剪切等变形模式;夹芯板质量一定时,存在最佳的芯层质量比和最佳湿面板厚度,且随着无量纲冲量的增大而增大;随着湿面板厚度和芯层密度的降低,芯层压缩变形吸能效率增加;优化后的夹芯板变形和质量均显著减小。

关键词: 泡沫铝夹芯板, 水下爆炸, 能量耗散, 抗冲击性能, 优化设计

Abstract:

The dynamic response and energy dissipation mechanism of foam aluminum sandwich panel under underwater impulsive load are analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the protection design of ships and marine engineering structures.The consistency between the test and simulated results is verified through the underwater explosion equivalent impact test and simulation.The influences of structural parameters,such as core layer mass ratio,panel thickness,foam aluminum density and impact load on the impact resistance of sandwich panels are quantified.Multi-objective optimization of sandwich panel structure is carried out using neural network and genetic algorithm.The results show that the foam aluminum sandwich panels subjected to underwater impact loading exhibit the deformation patterns such as local collapse and boundary shear.When the mass of sandwich panel is constant,there exists an optimal core layer mass ratio and an optimal wet panel thickness,which increase with the increase of dimensionless impulse.As the thickness of wet panel and the density of core layer decrease,the energy absorption efficiency of the compression deformation of core layer increases.The optimized sandwich panel has significantly reduced deformation and mass.

Key words: foam aluminum sandwich panel, underwater explosion, energy dissipation, impact resistance performance, optimization design

韦振乾, 荣吉利, 韦辉阳, 李富荣, 陈子超. 泡沫铝夹芯板在水中冲击载荷作用下的动态响应与能量耗散[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240539-.

WEI Zhenqian, RONG Jili, WEI Huiyang, LI Furong, CHEN Zichao. Dynamic Response and Energy Dissipation of Foam Aluminum Sandwich Panel Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240539-.

图/表 25

图1 试验装置

Fig.1 Experimental setup

图2 泡沫铝夹芯板

Fig.2 Foam aluminum sandwich panel

图3 三维有限元模型

Fig.3 3D finite element model

图4 数值模型网格收敛性验证

Fig.4 Grid convergence verification

表1 水的状态方程参数

Table 1 State equation parameters of water

ρ_w/(kg·m^-3)	c_w/(m·s^-1)	s₁	Γ₀
958	1490	1.92	0.1

表2 6160合金铝的材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of 6160 alloy aluminum

密度/ (g·cm^-3)	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	A/MPa	B/MPa	c	n	m
2.7	70	0.3	76	190	0.0832	0.4	0.34

表3 STEEL 4340和STEEL 4140的材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of STEEL 4340 and 4140

材料	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	屈服应力/MPa	硬化系数/MPa	硬化指数
STEEL 4340	205	0.29	7.85	470	470	0
STEEL 4140	205	0.29	7.85	1000	1615	0.09

图5 p-q应力平面内的屈服面和流动势

Fig.5 Yield surface and flow potential in stress plane

图6 3种泡沫铝的名义应力-名义应变曲线

Fig.6 Nominal stress-strain responses of three types of foam aluminums

图7 压力历程结果对比

Fig.7 Comparison of shock wave pressure-time curves

表4 压力峰值比较

Table 4 Comparison of peak pressures

压力峰值	试验值	仿真值	理论值
p_B/MPa	57.68	54.58	51.17
p_C/MPa	36.98	34.88	29.62

图8 冲击波传播过程(仿真)

Fig.8 Propagation process of shock wave (simulation)

图9 泡沫铝夹层板干面板的变形过程(试验)

Fig.9 Deformation process of dry panel (experiment)

图10 泡沫铝夹芯板干面板中心位置变形

Fig.10 Deformation at the center of dry panel

图11 泡沫铝夹芯板变形过程(剖面)

Fig.11 Deformation process of foam aluminum sandwich panel (section)

图12 夹层板最终变形结果

Fig.12 Final deformation result of sandwich panel

表5 夹芯板结构参数

Table 5 Structural parameters of sandwich panel

参数	夹芯板编号
参数	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
t_w/mm	0.8	0.9	1	1.1	1.2	1.25	1.3
h_c/mm	14	12.2	10.4	8.6	6.8	5.9	5.0
η/%	49.3	42.5	36.6	30.3	23.9	20.8	17.6

图13 不同芯层厚度的泡沫铝夹芯板的最终变形及吸收能量分布

Fig.13 Residual deformations and energy absorption distributions of sandwich panels with different core thicknesses

表6 夹芯板结构参数

Table 6 Sltructural parameters of sandwich panel

参数	夹芯板编号
参数	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
t_w/mm	0.6	0.65	0.7	0.75	0.8	0.9	1.0
h_c/mm	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2
t_d/mm	1.2	1.15	1.1	1.05	1.0	0.9	0.8
η/%	42.5	42.5	42.5	42.5	42.5	42.5	42.5

图14 不同面板厚度的泡沫铝夹芯板的最终变形及吸收能量分布

Fig.14 Residual deformations and energy absorption distributions of sandwich panels with different panel thicknesses

图15 不同芯层密度的泡沫铝夹芯板的最终变形及吸收能量分布

Fig.15 Residual deformations and energy absorption distributions of sandwich panels with different core densities

图16 拉丁超立方抽样结果

Fig.16 Latin hypercube sampling sampling results

图17 Pareto最优解

Fig.17 Pareto optimal solution

表7 5组最优解最终变形预测值与仿真值对比

Table 7 Comparison between predicted and simulated values of optimal solutions

序号	t_w/mm	h_c/mm	t_d/mm	预测结果/mm	仿真结果/mm	误差/%
1	0.76	10.65	1.07	15.17	14.82	2.37
2	0.75	6.45	1.01	17.99	17.33	3.81
3	0.69	6.1	0.91	18.99	18.58	2.20
4	0.65	6.15	0.73	20.63	20.79	0.77
5	0.55	6.15	0.49	26.06	26.78	2.69

表8 优化结果与仿真值对比

Table 8 Comparison of optimized results and simulated values

序号	结果	t_w/mm	h_c/mm	t_d/mm	变形/ mm	质量/ g	优化百分比/%
1	采样结果	1.1	13.6	0.5	20.4	562.52
	优化结果	0.63	6	0.8	20.39	379.1	32.6
	优化结果	1.1	9.15	0.99	14.17	561.72	30.5
2	采样结果	0.4	10.5	0.7	24.01	409.84
	优化结果	0.58	6.15	0.59	24.06	335.10	18.2
	优化结果	0.65	6.1	0.94	18.7	410	22.1

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