碳纤维增强复合材料多孔阵列薄壁圆管的抗冲击与吸能性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善薄壁圆管的抗冲击与吸能性能,设计一种多孔阵列薄壁碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites,CFRP)管,研究其分别在轴向和横向冲击载荷下的抗冲击与吸能性能。基于有限元法建立CFRP多孔阵列薄壁管在冲击载荷作用下的有限元模型,并分析不同铺层角度对此结构的抗冲击与吸能性能的影响。数值分析结果表明:相比普通薄壁CFRP圆管和方管,在轴向和横向冲击载荷作用下,CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管有更高的比吸能和峰值载荷,而过高的峰值载荷对被保护的结构不利,但可通过改变CFRP的铺层角度而改变冲击峰值载荷和比吸能值;在轴向冲击载荷下,多孔阵列薄壁圆管铺层角度由[90°/45°/90°/0°]_2S变为[90°/0°/90°/0°]_2S时,有效压缩位移内的最大压缩载荷降低约10.1%,比吸能值提高约15.1%。研究结果将对CFRP薄壁管的轻量化和抗冲击性能提升的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 碳纤维增强复合材料, 多孔阵列薄壁圆管, 抗冲击性能, 能量吸收, 有限元分析

Abstract:

In order to improve the impact resistance and energy absorption of thin-walled circular tube,a carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) thin-walled tube with porous array is designed to investigate its impact resistance and energy absorption performance under axial and transverse impact loads,respectively.A finite element model of CFRP thin-walled tube with porous arrays under impact loading is established based on the finite element method (FEM).The effects of different lay-up angles on the impact resistance and energy-absorbing properties of the structure are analyzed.Numerical results show that CFRP thin-walled circular tube with porous arrays has higher specific energy absorption and peak load,which are too high for the protected structure.But the peak impact load and specific energy absorption values can be changed by varying the lay-up angle of CFRP in order to enhance impact damage resistance.The maximum compression load within the effective compression displacement is reduced by about 10.1% and the specific energy absorption value is increased by about 15.1% when the lay-up angle of thin-walled circular tube with porous arrays is changed from [90°/45°/90°/0°]_2S to [90°/0°/90°/0°]_2S under axial impact loading.The preliminary results will be a guide for the engineering application of lightweighting and impact resistance enhancement of CFRP thin-walled tube.

Key words: carbon fiber reinforced composites, thin-walled circular tube with porous arrays, impact resistance, energy absorbing, finite element analysis

中图分类号:

O341

金跃, 缪馥星. 碳纤维增强复合材料多孔阵列薄壁圆管的抗冲击与吸能性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(2): 240074-.

JIN Yue, MIAO Fuxing. Impact Resistance and Energy Absorption Properties of CFRP Thin-walled Circular Tube with Porous Arrays[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(2): 240074-.

图/表 15

图1 CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管几何结构

Fig.1 Geometric structure of CFRP porous thin-walled circular tube

表1 CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管几何尺寸

Table 1 Geometric parameters of CFRP thin-walled circular tube with porous array mm

几何参数	d	l	h	j	p	t
数值	70	110	2.5	0.75	0.75	0.156

图2 有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model

表2 纤维材料参数[22]

Table 2 Composite material parameters[22]

模量/MPa						泊松比			强度/MPa									阻尼系数	密度/ (g·cm^-3)
E₁₁	E₂₂	E₃₃	G₂₃	G₁₂	G₁₃	u₂₃	u₁₂	u₁₃	X_T	X_C	Y_T	Y_C	Z_T	Z_C	S₂₃	S₁₂	S₁₃	β	ρ
114000	8610	8610	3000	4160	4160	0.45	0.3	0.3	2688	1458	69.5	236	55.5	175	95.6	136	136	1E-9	1.51

表3 Cohesive单元参数[22]

Table 3 Cohesive element parameters[22]

模量/MPa			强度/MPa			断裂韧性/(J·m^-2)
E_n	E_t	E_s	N_max	T_max	S_max	G_IC	G_IIC	G_IIIC
57878	57878	37489	59.4	77	77	0.5544	2.8116	2.8116

图3 CFRP薄壁管变形模式对比

Fig.3 Comparison of deformation modes of CFRP thin-walled tubes

图4 CFRP薄壁管载荷-位移曲线对比

Fig.4 Comparison of load-displacement curves of CFRP thin-wall tube

表4 CFRP薄壁圆管实验结果[22]与模拟结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of experimental results[22] and simulated results of CFRP thin-walled circular tube

吸能指标	实验结果^[22]	本文模拟	相对误差/%
F_p/kN	50.34	48.13	4.4
F_m/kN	26.37	25.90	1.8
W_s/(kJ·kg^-1)	53.99	53.75	0.4

图5 CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管变形模式

Fig.5 Deformation model of CFRP thin-walled circular tube

图6 薄壁管载荷-位移曲线

Fig.6 Load-displacement curve of thin-walled tube

表5 薄壁管轴向抗冲击与吸能性能指标对比

Table 5 Comparison of axial impact resistances and energy absorption properties of thin-walled tubes

薄壁管	F_p/kN	F_m/kN	E_c/%	W_s/ (kJ·kg^-1)
CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管	562.69	50.50	8.98	61.24
CFRP圆管^[23]	96.86	53.58	55	60.37
CFRP方管^[24]	162	32	19.75	44.69

表6 薄壁管横向抗冲击与吸能性能指标对比

Table 6 Comparison of lateral impact resistances and energy absorption properties of thin-walled tubes

薄壁管	F_p/kN	F_m/kN	E_c/%	W_s/ (kJ·kg^-1)
CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管	104.90	12.02	11.46	6.74
CFRP圆管^[25]	3.66	2.31	63	0.83
Ti6Al4V圆管^[26]	11.33	-	-	3.40

图7 不同铺层角的CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管变形模式

Fig.7 Deformation models of CFRP thin-walled circular tube with different lay-out angles

图8 不同铺层角CFRP多孔阵列薄壁圆管的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.8 Load-displacement curves of CFRP thin-walled circular tube with different lay-out angles

表7 不同铺层角度CFRP多孔薄壁管抗冲击与吸能性能指标对比

Table 7 Comparison of impact resistances and energy absorption properties of CFRP thin-wall tube with different lay-out angles

铺层角度	方向	F_p/ kN	F_m/ kN	E_c/ %	W_s/ (kJ·kg^-1)
[90°/0°/90°/0°]_2S	轴向	562.69	50.50	8.98	61.24
[90°/0°/90°/0°]_2S	横向	104.90	12.02	11.46	6.74
[90°/45°/90°/0°]_2S	轴向	505.85	58.14	11.49	70.49
[90°/45°/90°/0°]_2S	横向	104.64	11.90	11.37	6.67
[90°/45°/-45°/0°]_2S	轴向	705.74	62.95	8.93	76.36
[90°/45°/-45°/0°]_2S	横向	146.82	12.68	8.63	7.09

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