布立冈型螺旋纤维仿生复合材料动静态力学行为

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

节肢动物外骨骼中发现的布立冈结构已被证实是提升其动态力学性能的关键。借助结构仿生概念开展纤维增强复合材料微结构设计有望为高性能航天材料提供创新解决途径与思路。通过制备不同构型的层合板材料,借助霍普金森压杆、力学试验机等试验技术对比研究了布立冈型仿生材料与准各向同性铺层材料的动静态力学行为。试验结果表明:随着应变率的提高(≮1850s^-1),小螺旋角能够将其韧性提升至少17.4%;准静态压缩下其能量吸收能力达到21.25J/g,相比准各向同性构型提升至少42.4%,这些都可以归因于布立冈构型试样所展出的塑性强化能力。落锤冲击仿真与试验结果进一步表明,仿生构型能够获得极佳的能量耗散与冲击防护特性。

关键词: 仿生复合材料, 布立冈结构, 霍普金森压杆试验, 结构仿生, 力学性能

Abstract:

The Bouligand structure found in arthropod exoskeletons had been shown to be the key factor to improving their dynamic mechanical properties.It is expected to provide innovative solutions and ideas for high-performance aerospace materials by designing the microstructure of fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) with the help of the concept of structural bionics.In this paper,the dynamic and static mechanical behaviors of Bouligand-type biomimetic materials and quasi-isotropic laminated materials are studied by means of SHPB and mechanical testing machine.The experimental results show that,with the increase of strain rate (≮1850s^-1),the toughness of can be improved by at least 17.4% at a small helical angle,and the energy absorption capacity under quasi-static compression reaches 21.25J/g,which is improved by at least 42.4% compared with the quasi-isotropic configuration,all of which can be attributed to the plastic strengthening ability of Bouligand configuration specimen.The simulated and test results of drop weight impact further show that the bionic configuration can obtain excellent energy dissipation and impact protection characteristics.

Key words: biomimetic composite, Bouligand structure, SHPB compression test, structural bionics, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TB332
TP18

杨帆, 秦子尚, 李达诚, 胡兆财, 解维华, 孟松鹤. 布立冈型螺旋纤维仿生复合材料动静态力学行为[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(2): 240118-.

YANG Fan, QIN Zishang, LI Dacheng, HU Zhaocai, XIE Weihua, MENG Songhe. Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors of Bouligand-type Biomimetic Composite Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(2): 240118-.

图/表 24

图1 布立冈结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of Bouligand structure

表1 单层板力学性能参数

Table 1 The mechanical properties of UD ply

参数	ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	E₁₁/ GPa	E₂₂=E₃₃/ GPa	v₁₂=v₁₃=v₂₃	G₁₂=G₁₃=G₂₃/ GPa	X_t/ MPa	X_c/ MPa	Y_t/ MPa	Y_c/ MPa	S/ MPa
数值	1700	110	7.8	0.32	40	2093	870	50	198	104

图2 布立冈型仿生碳纤维复合材料层合板的制备

Fig.2 Schematic representation of VBHC process

图3 试验样件

Fig.3 Specimens

图4 分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of SHPB test system

表2 试样工况

Table 2 Test condition

工况编号	释放气压/ MPa	冲击速度/ (m·s^-1)	应变率/ (s^-1)
1	0.25	10.45~11.02	~1200
2	0.31	14.17~14.60	~1 600
3	0.50	17.65~18.04	~1850

图5 SHPB试验波形

Fig.5 SHPB experimental waveform

图6 不同工况下冲击压缩应力-应变曲线

Fig.6 Dynamic compression stress-strain curves under various cases

表3 动态压缩试验结果

Table 3 SHPB test results

工况编号	动态压缩强度/MPa			韧性/(N·mm^-2)			断裂应变
工况编号	α=45°	α=24°	α=12°	α=45°	α=24°	α=12°	α=45°	α=24°	α=12°
1	83.9	75.4	51.4	12.43	14.39	14.82	0.316	0.375	~0.440
2	107.1	92.0	78.7	18.14	20.94	22.29	0.361	0.433	~0.441
3	123.5	113.4	90.8	22.81	24.85	26.78	0.388	0.454	~0.469

图7 α=24°样件不同应变率下动态压缩破坏后的形貌

Fig.7 Dynamic compression failure morphologies of specimens for α=24° under various strain rates

图8 α=12°布立冈构型样件动态压缩破坏形貌(工况2)

Fig.8 Dynamic compression failure morphology of Bouligand specimen for α=12° (Case 2)

图9 准静态压缩实验

Fig.9 Quasi-static compression experiment

图10 压缩载荷-位移曲线

Fig.10 Load-displacement curve of compressive test

表4 准静态压缩实验结果

Table 4 Results of quasi-static compression experiments

α/(°)	平均强度/MPa	破坏位移/mm	吸收能量/(J·g^-1)
45	421.9	1.16	14.92
24	312.5	1.34	19.90
12	163.0	≮2.5	21.25

图11 样件压缩破坏形貌

Fig.11 Compression failure morphology

图12 落锤冲击有限元模型

Fig.12 3D FE model of low-velocity impact test

表5 试样铺层顺序

Table 5 Specimen lay-up sequence

编号	厚度/mm	铺层顺序	备注
C1	4	[θ₁/θ₂/…/θ₁₆=θ₁₅+α]_s	θ₁=0°;α=45°
C2		[θ₁/θ₂/…/θ₁₆=θ₁₅+α]_s	θ₁=0°;α=24°
C3		[θ₁/θ₂/…/θ₁₆=θ₁₅+α]_s	θ₁=0°;α=12°
C4		[θ₁/θ₂/…/θ₃₂=θ₃₁+α]	θ₁=0°;α=5.8°

表6 [20] 层间损伤模型参数

Table 6 Cohesive properties and fracture energy

性能	数值
弹性刚度K_n	850MPa
剪切刚度K_s=K_t	850MPa
拉伸强度T_n	3.3MPa
剪切强度T_s=T_t	7MPa
法向断裂能G_n	0.306N/mm
剪切断裂能G_s=G_t	0.632N/mm
模式混合参数η	1.45

表7 试验工况参数

Table 7 The test parameters

样件编号	厚度/ mm	铺层顺序	冲击能量/J
A	2.5	[-45/0/0/45//0/-45/0/45/0/0]_s	11.30
B	3.25	[45/0/0/0/-45/90/45/0/0/-45/90/45/0]_s	20.09

图13 仿真与文献试验落锤冲击载荷历程结果对比[20]

Fig.13 Comparison of simulated results and test results in Ref.[20]

图14 不同构性下的冲击载荷-位移历程模拟结果

Fig.14 Impact force-displacement curves

图15 落锤动能变化(20J)

Fig.15 Kinetic energy of impactor vs.time (20J)

图16 仿生CFRP复合材料能量耗散特性对比

Fig.16 Comparison of the energy dissipation factors of bio-inspired CFRP laminates

图17 5J冲击下的界面分层损伤特性

Fig.17 Delamination features under impact energy of 5J

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