超音频脉冲电流叠加对高氮钢GMA增材制造组织性能的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高氮钢增材过程中氮损失及力学性能降低等问题,采用常规脉冲熔化极气保电弧(Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,P-GMA)及在脉冲电流峰值阶段叠加超音频脉冲电流的P-GMA对高氮钢进行电弧增材制造实验,分别制备不同工艺参数下的单道多层高氮钢直壁体,研究超音频脉冲电流叠加对高氮钢电弧增材制造凝固方式、显微组织演变及力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:由于高氮钢在电弧增材过程中存在氮损失现象,不同增材模式下高氮钢金属熔池的凝固模式均由单相奥氏体凝固(A模式)转变为铁素体为先析出相、奥氏体依附铁素体界面析出(FA模式);相比于常规P-GMA,叠加超音频脉冲电流后P-GMA产生的高频超声效应能够提高氮元素的扩散,促进奥氏体相变,限制铁素体枝晶生长;经过对比分析,超音频脉冲电流对铁素体树枝晶Y轴方向的影响大于Z轴方向,对Y轴方向力学性能的影响也大于Z轴方向,当频率为60kHz时Y轴方向抗拉强度提高了9.9%,屈服强度提高了15.9%。

关键词: 高氮钢, 电弧增材制造, 超音频脉冲电流, 组织演变, 力学性能

Abstract:

The nitrogen loss and the reduction in mechanical properties of high nitrogen steel may happen during additive manufacturing.The conventional pulsed gas metal arc(P-GMA)and P-GMA superimposed with ultrasonic frequency pulse current at the peak stage of pulse current are used to conduct the arc additive manufacturing experiments of high-nitrogen steel,and the single-pass multi-layer high nitrogen steel straight wall bodies under different processing parameters are prepared.The influence of ultrasonic frequency pulse current superposition on the solidification mode,microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of arc additive manufactured high-nitrogen steel parts were studied.Due to the nitrogen loss of arc additive manufactured high-nitrogen steel parts,the solidification mode of metal molten pool of high-nitrogen steel changes from A to FA in different arc additive manufacturing modes.Compared with the conventional P-GMA,the high-frequency ultrasonic effect generated by ultrasonic frequency pulse current can increase the diffusion of nitrogen elements,promote the austenite phase transformation,and limit the growth of ferrite dendrites.After comparative analysis,the impact of ultrasonic frequency pulse current on the Y-axis direction of ferrite dendrites is greater than that on the Z-axis direction,the impact of it on the mechanical properties in the Y-axis direction is also greater than that in the Z-axis direction.When the frequency is 60kHz,the tensile strength in the Y-axis direction is increased by 9.9%,and the yield strength is increased by 15.9%.

Key words: high nitrogen steel, arc additive manufacturing, ultrasonic frequency pulse current, microstructure evolution, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TJ444.2

马立, 范霁康, 张建, 从保强, 杨东青, 彭勇, 王克鸿. 超音频脉冲电流叠加对高氮钢GMA增材制造组织性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231097-.

MA Li, FAN Jikang, ZHANG Jian, CONG Baoqiang, YANG Dongqing, PENG Yong, WANG Kehong. Effect of Ultrasonic Frequency Pulse Current Superposition on the Microstructure and Properties of GMA Additive Manufactured High Nitrogen Steel[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231097-.

图/表 15

表1 焊丝及基板化学成分

Table 1 Chemical composition of welding wire and substrate %

材料	C	Ni	Cr	Mo	Mn	Si	N	P	S	Fe
焊丝	0.028	2.08	22.7	1.19	17.86	0.18	0.99	0.015	0.01	余量
基板	0.019	1.24	20.8	3.62	17.47	0.85	0.81			余量

图1 超音频脉冲电流GMA增材电流波形示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of UFP-GMA additive manufacturing current waveform

图2 电弧增材直壁体示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of arc additive manufactured straight wall body

表2 高氮钢电弧增材工艺参数

Table 2 Arc additive manufacturing process parameters of high nitrogen steel

实验编号	基值电流/A	峰值电流/A	超音频脉冲电流/A	脉冲频率/ kHz
S-None	35	270
S-40	35	260	50	40
S-60	35	260	50	60
S-80	35	260	50	80

图3 取样位置和拉伸样尺寸

Fig.3 Sampling locationand tensile sample size

图4 常规P-GMA 增材件显微组织

Fig.4 Conventional P-GMA additive manufactured straight wall microstructure

图5 直壁体增材制造散热及晶体生长示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of heat dissipation and crystal growth for straight wall additive manufacturing

图6 固液界面前沿奥氏体相变示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of austenite phase transformation at the frontier of solid-liquid interface

图7 不锈钢非平衡凝固Schaeffler组织图和凝固模式预测

Fig.7 Schaeffler microstructure and solidification mode prediction for non-equilibrium solidification of stainless steel

图8 不同工艺参数下增材件的氮含量

Fig.8 Nitrogen contents of additive manufactured parts under different process parameters

图9 不同工艺参数下增材件显微组织

Fig.9 Microstructures of additive manufactured parts under different process parameters

图10 增材件OXY面尺寸统计和XRD物相分析

Fig.10 OXY dimension statistics and XRD phase analysis of additive manufactured parts

图11 不同工艺参数OXZ面显微组织SEM图像

Fig.11 SEM images of microstructure on OXZ plane with different process parameters

图12 不同工艺参数下增材件力学性能

Fig.12 Mechanical properties ofadditive manufactured parts under different process parameters

图13 不同工艺参数下增材件拉伸断口形貌

Fig.13 Tensile fracture morphologies of additive manufactured parts under different process parameters

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