深冷时间对低碳高合金马氏体钢组织性能的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0532

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了控制残余奥氏体含量以获得更高性能的航空轴承钢,优化深冷处理工艺是有效的途径。研究深冷时间对经淬火、-75℃下深冷和回火处理后的低碳Co-Cr-Mo-Ni-W高合金钢组织和力学性能影响,结果表明:深冷回火后试验钢的组织主要为回火马氏体,同时还有一定量残余奥氏体和细小均匀分布在基体上的纳米碳化物;在2~6h范围内,随着深冷时间延长,由于残余奥氏体含量降低,回火马氏体板条细化,位错密度提高,纳米级碳化物数量增加且分布均匀化,强度显著提高,塑性逐渐降低;深冷时间超过6h后,残余奥氏体含量继续减小,位错密度增加,纳米碳化物尺寸长大,数量减少,强度和塑性均变化不大;试验条件下,深冷时间为6~10h时,获得了超高强度和良好的强塑性匹配,屈服和抗拉强度分别为~1690MPa和~1940MPa,延伸率为~14.3%。

关键词: 低碳高合金钢, 深冷处理, 残余奥氏体, 纳米碳化物, 力学性能

Abstract:

To achieve the superior performance of aerospace bearing steel by controlling the retained austenite content,the optimization of cryogenic treatment parameters is an effective approach.The microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-carbon Co-Cr-Mo-Ni-W high-alloy martensite steel after quenching,cryogenic treatment at -75℃ for different times and tempering are investigated.The results show that the microstructure of the martensite steel after cryogenic tempering contains the complex phases with tempered martensite,retained austenite and nano-carbides.As the cryogenic time increases from 2 to 6h,the strength of the steel significantly improves and its ductility reduces due to the refinement of tempered martensite lath and the decrease in residual austenite volume fraction,the increase in dislocation density and the increase in the quantity of nano-carbides with more uniform distribution.When the cryogenic time exceeds 6h,the strength and ductility of the steel change slightly because the retained austenite volume fraction decreases,the dislocation density increases and the nano-carbide sizes coarsen with the decrease in quantity.An excellent balance of strength and ductility,with the mean yield strength of about 1690MPa,the ultimate strength of about 1940MPa and the mean elongation of about 14.3%,is achieved for the steel after quenching,cryogenic treatment for 6-10h and tempering.

Key words: low-carbon high-alloy steel, cryogenic treatment, retained austenite, nano-carbide, mechanical property

何金, 杨彬, 王迎春, 迟宏宵, 周健, 程兴旺. 深冷时间对低碳高合金马氏体钢组织性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240532-.

HE Jin, YANG Bin, WANG Yingchun, CHI Hongxiao, ZHOU Jian, CHENG Xingwang. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Low-carbon High-alloy Martensite Steel[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240532-.

图/表 8

表1 试验钢成分(质量分数)

Table 1 Composition of the steel (wt.%)

元素	C	Co	Cr	Mo	Ni	W	V	Nb	Fe
含量	0.12	14.05	11.49	3.63	3.67	1.15	0.81	0.03	余量

图1 不同时间深冷处理的试验钢TEM显微组织

Fig.1 TEM images of the steel cryogenically treated for different times

图2 不同时间深冷处理的试验钢TEM暗场像显示残余奥氏体形貌及分布

Fig.2 DF-TEM images of the steel cryogenically treated for different times showing the morphology and distribution of retained austenite

图3 不同时间深冷处理的试验钢XRD图谱

Fig.3 XRD diffraction patterns of the steel cryogenically treated for different times

图4 不同时间深冷处理的试验钢TEM暗场像显示碳化物形貌及分布

Fig.4 DF-TEM images of the steel cryogenically treated for different times showing the morphology and distribution of carbides

图5 碳化物表征及EDS分析

Fig.5 Characterization of carbides and EDS analysis

图6 拉伸工程应力-工程应变曲线

Fig.6 Engineering stress-engineering strain curves of the steel

表2 不同时间深冷处理的试验钢力学性能数据

Table 2 Mechanical properties of the steel cryogenically treated for different times

深冷时间/h	屈服强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	延伸率/%
2	1489±8	1768±3	16.8±0.1
4	1619±1	1881±5	14.8±0.5
6	1685±3	1946±5	14.5±0.2
8	1701±23	1928±3	14.5±0.1
10	1691±8	1961±1	13.9±0.3

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