冲击波与破片联合加载下聚脲增强多层抗爆结构的防护特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0798

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究聚脲涂层对抗爆结构防护性能影响,提出了一种聚脲增强多层复合抗爆结构,分析了抗爆结构在冲击波与破片联合载荷作用下的防护特性。计算并获取了炸药的超压拟合公式,采用激光三维扫描仪测量了抗爆结构在联合载荷作用下的离面位移,超压与位移的实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。研究结果表明,聚脲涂层所在的位置极大地影响抗爆结构的防护效果。涂层位于夹芯钢板迎爆面时的防护效果比涂层位于面板以及夹芯钢板的背爆面更好,可以有效减少破片的穿透率与着靶数,削弱联合载荷最终作用于背板的能量,降低背板中心的振动幅度与振动加速度。这项研究可以为多层抗爆结构的设计提供参考。

关键词: 冲击波, 破片, 联合载荷, 抗爆结构, 聚脲

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of polyurea coating on the protective performance of blast-resistant structure,a multi-layer blast-resistant structure reinforced with polyurea is proposed,and the protective characteristics of blast-resistant structure under the actions of shock wave and fragments are analyzed.The overpressure fitting formula of explosive is calculated and obtained,and out-of-plane displacement of blast-resistant structure is measured using a laser 3D scanner.Experimental results of overpressure and displacement are in good agreement with simulated results.Research results show that the position of polyurea coating has great effects on the protective ability of blast-resistant structure.The protective effect of coating located on blast-facing side of sandwich steel plate is better than those of coating located on the back-blast sides of face plate and sandwich steel plate.It can effectively reduce the penetration rate and impact number of fragments,weaken the energy of the combined load ultimately acting on the back plate,and reduce the vibration amplitude and acceleration at the center of back plate.This study can provide a reference for the design of multi-layer blast-resistant structure.

Key words: shock wave, fragment, combined load, blast-resistant structure, polyurea

马东, 王成, 邵楠, 韦建树. 冲击波与破片联合加载下聚脲增强多层抗爆结构的防护特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(7): 240798-.

MA Dong, WANG Cheng, SHAO Nan, WEI Jianshu. Strengthening Effect of Polyurea on Multi-layer Blast-resistant Structure Subjected to Combined Action of Shock Wave and Fragments[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(7): 240798-.

图/表 21

图1 抗爆结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of blast-resistant structure

表1 抗爆结构组成及参数

Table 1 Composition and parameters of of blast-resistant structure

样品编号	结构(从迎爆面到背爆面)
S-4	0.5mm钢板/30mm泡沫铝/0.5mm钢板/50mm岩棉/1mm钢板
S-5	0.5mm钢板/3mm聚脲/30mm泡沫铝/0.5mm钢板/50mm岩棉/1mm钢板
S-6	0.5mm钢板/30mm泡沫铝/3mm聚脲/0.5mm钢板/50mm岩棉/1mm钢板
S-7	0.5mm钢板/30mm泡沫铝/0.5mm钢板/3mm聚脲/50mm岩棉/1mm钢板

图2 抗爆结构实验测试布置

Fig.2 Experimental layout of blast-resistant structure

图3 离面位移测试装置及原理

Fig.3 Test device and principle for surface displacement

图4 抗爆结构与炸药有限元模型

Fig.4 Finite element model of blast-resistant structure and explosive

表2 Q235钢的模型参数

Table 2 Model parameters of steel plate

ρ_s/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	ν	A/MPa	B/MPa	N	C/(m·s^-1)
7.85	200	0.3	350.76	582.1	0.3823	255

表3 破片的模型参数

Table 3 Model parameters of fragments

ρ_s/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	ν
7.85	200	0.3

表4 空气的模型参数

Table 4 Model parameters of air

ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	E₁/ (J·m^-3)
0.00128	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.0	2.5×10⁵

表5 炸药的模型参数

Table 5 Model parameters of explosive

ρ_e/ (g·cm^-3)	D_C-J/ (m·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa	A₁/ GPa	B₁ / GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₂ / GPa
1.667	8220	28	1140	23.9	5.7	1.65	0.6	10.1

表6 实验所测压力与模拟值对比

Table 6 Comparison of measured pressure in experiment with simulated value

距离/ cm	自由场压力测试值/kPa				平均值/ kPa	模拟压力/ kPa	相对误差/ %
距离/ cm	S-4	S-5	S-6	S-7	平均值/ kPa	模拟压力/ kPa	相对误差/ %
75	377.6	369.4	383.6	384.9	378.9	362.2	4.4
100	198.0	186.4	182.2	186.7	188.3	177.8	5.6
120	109.6	114.3	119.9	115.2	114.8	119.4	4.0
140	86.7	84.0	96.0	86.1	88.2	85.9	2.6
160	55.7	55.7	58.0	58.3	56.9	62.4	9.7

图5 冲击波超压测试情况

Fig.5 Test results of shock wave overpressure

图6 测试结束后抗爆结构不同位置钢板的外观状态

Fig.6 Appearances of steel plates at different positions of blast-resistant structure after test

图7 破片着靶与穿透情况统计

Fig.7 Statistics of fragments impacting on and penetrating into the blast-resistant structure

表7 抗爆结构的破片着靶与穿透数量统计

Table 7 Quantity statistics of fragments impacting on and penetrating into the blast-resistant structure

样品	夹芯钢板着靶	夹芯钢板穿透	夹芯钢板穿透率/%	背板着靶	背板穿透	背板穿透率/%
S-4	9	5	55.6	4	1	25.0
S-5	7	2	28.6	2	0	0
S-6	8	1	12.5	1	0	0
S-7	8	3	37.5	2	0	0

图8 夹芯处钢板的离面位移图

Fig.8 Out-of-plane displacement of steel plate at sandwich position

图9 背板离面位移图

Fig.9 Out-of-plane displacement of back plate

表8 峰值位移的实验值与模拟值对比

Table 8 Comparison of experimental and simulated peak displacement values

样品	夹芯钢板位移实验峰值/mm	夹芯钢板位移模拟峰值/mm	相对误差/ %	背板位移实验峰值/ mm	背板位移模拟峰值/ mm	相对误差/ %
S-4	16.4	15.5	5.5	14.1	11.5	18.4
S-5	6.5	6.6	1.5	5.6	6.1	8.9
S-6	10.8	11.9	10.2	1.4	1.2	14.3
S-7	14.2	13.0	8.5	8.3	8.1	2.4

图10 冲击波与破片的作用过程

Fig.10 The action processes of shock wave and fragments

图11 联合加载下的能量吸收情况

Fig.11 Energy absorption under combined action of shock wave and fragments

表9 夹芯钢板与背板能量变化

Table 9 The change in energy of sandwich plate and back plate

样品	夹芯钢板总能量/J	夹芯钢板内能/J	背板总能量/J	背板内能/J
S-4	418.5	417.2	98.7	97.5
S-5	25.7	25.5	10.4	10.3
S-6	197.5	196.7	0.8	0.2
S-7	271.1	270.9	45.6	44.5

图12 背板的位移与加速度时程曲线

Fig.12 The displacement and acceleration-time curves of back plate

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