球形和柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波载荷特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究典型装药结构(球形和圆柱形)近场爆炸(0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3)(Z为对比距离)冲击波特性,支撑弹药抗殉爆技术发展,设计开展kg级柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波载荷表征试验,构建炸药近场爆炸数值计算模型,分析得到球形和柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波结构和峰值空间分布规律。研究结果表明:近场反射载荷受爆轰产物影响,超压曲线存在多峰结构和锯齿形波动,原因可能是多次反射波效应和马赫区后爆轰产物复杂流动;爆轰产物-空气冲击波界面压力和密度梯度互异引起Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定效应,产生的界面微射流提高了多次反射波结构的复杂度,导致近场反射载荷试验测量结果不确定度增大;近场入射超压曲线表现为典型双峰结构,峰值分别由空气冲波和爆轰产物主导,同时受结构效应影响,柱形装药入射峰值载荷沿轴向和径向空间非均匀性较强,方位角为30°~60°时受桥联波效应影响空间散布较大;修正的预测模型可描述柱形装药(长径比为0.8)中心起爆时,0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3范围内任意方位角和对比距离处入射峰值超压和冲量,与数值模拟结果偏差小于20%。

关键词: 球形装药, 柱形装药, 近场爆炸冲击波, 结构效应, 爆轰产物, 预测模型

Abstract:

The near-field blast wave characteristics(0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3)of typical charge structures(sphere and cylinder)are investigated for supporting the protection of sympathetic detonation through near-field explosion experiment and numerical simulation.The load of near-field blast wave of cylindrical charge is experimentaly investigated,and a numerical caculation model of near-field explosion is established,The near-field blast wave structures and spatial distributions for peak parameters of spherical and cylindrical charges are analyzed.The results show that the near-field explosion loads are affected by the detonation products,and the reflected overpressure histories exhibit multi-peak and jagged form,which are due to the effects of multiple reflection waves and the complex flow of detonation products after the Mach region.The inverse of pressure and density gradient between detonation products and shock wave interface leads to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability effect.The generated interfacial microjets of detonation products promote the complexity of multiple reflection wave structure,resulting in large uncertainty of measured results of near-field reflected loads.The near-field incident overpressure curve shows a typical double-peak structure,which comes from the air shock wave and detonation products.Due to the structural effects of charge,the incident wave loads of cylindrical charge distribute non-uniformly along the axial and radial directions.The spatial distribution of incident parameters drastically varies when the azimuth angle is between 30°-60° because of the bridging wave effects.The modified predictive model can capture the incident peak overpressure and impulse in the range of 0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3 for cylindrical charge(L/D=0.8)with center initiation under arbitrary azimuth angle,and the relative deviations among predicted results and numerical results of incident peak overpressure and impulse are less than 20%.

Key words: spherical charges, cylindrical charges, near-field blast wave, structure effect, detonation product, predictive model

中图分类号:

O389

马瑞龙, 王昕捷, 孙志民, 尤飒, 黄风雷. 球形和柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波载荷特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231105-.

MA Ruilong, WANG Xinjie, SUN Zhimin, YOU Sa, HUANG Fenglei. Near-field Blast Wave Characteristics of Spherical and Cylindrical Charges[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231105-.

图/表 20

图1 柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波测量试验场地布置图

Fig.1 Layout of blast wave measurement site for near field explosion of cylindrical charge

图2 柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波超压和冲量历史

Fig.2 Histories of blast wave pressure and impulse in near field explosion of cylindrical charge

图3 爆轰产物对近场反射超压和冲量的贡献

Fig.3 Contribution of detonation products to reflected peak overpressure and impulse in near field explosion

图4 柱形和球形装药近场爆炸数值计算模型

Fig.4 Numerical simulation model of near field explosion for cylindrical and spherical charges

表1 TNT炸药材料模型参数[30]

Table 1 Parameters of constitutive model for TNT[30]

ρ_0e/ (g·cm^-3)	D_C-J/ (m·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa
1.63	6900	21	371.2	3.21
R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
4.15	0.95	0.3	7.0

表2 空气材料模型及参数[9]

Table 2 Parameters of constitutive model for air[9]

ρ_0a/ (kg·m^-3)	p_0a/kPa	A₀~A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆
1.225	101.36	0	0.4	0.4	0

表3 45号钢材料模型及参数[32]

Table 3 Parameters of constitutive model for 45# steel[32]

ρ_0s/ (g·cm^-3)	E_e/GPa	υ	A/GPa	B/GPa	C
7.86	210	0.3	0.507	0.320	0.064
n	m	T_m/K	C₀/(m/s)	s	γ₀
0.28	1.06	1763	4250	1.61	1.75

图5 不同网格尺寸柱形装药入射载荷对比(Z=0.1kg/m1/3)

Fig.5 Comparison of incident overpressures and impulses of cylindrical charges with different mesh sizes

图6 球形装药入射峰值载荷数值与预测模型结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of simulated and predicted incident peak overpressures and impulses

图7 柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波结构演化

Fig.7 Structure evolution of blast wave of cylindrical charge in near field explosion

图8 柱形装药爆炸反射载荷数值和试验结果对比

Fig.8 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of blast parameters of cylindrical charge

图9 柱形装药近场反射超压峰值随对比距离演化关系

Fig.9 Evolution of reflected peak overpressure with scaled distance during near field explosion ofcylindrical charge

图10 球形和柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波结构演化特性[35-36]

Fig.10 Evolution of near-field blast wave structures of spherical and cylindrical charges[35-36]

图11 球形和柱形装药近场爆炸载荷特征参量对比

Fig.11 Comparison of characteristic parameters of near-field explosions of spherical and cylindrical charges

表4 球形和柱形装药近场爆炸入射载荷空间分布

Table 4 Spatial distributions of incident blast waves of spherical and cylindrical charges

参数	球形装药	柱形装药
入射峰值超压
入射峰值冲量

图12 柱形装药近场入射峰值超压和冲量的空间非均匀性

Fig.12 Spatial non-uniformities of incident peak overpressures and impulses of cylindrical and spherical charges

表5 柱形装药入射峰值超压比例因子系数

Table 5 Table Parameters of proportion factor for incident peak overpressure of cylindrical charge m/k g 1 / 3

0.6≤Z<0.1	α₀₀	α₀₁	α₁₁	α₂₀	α₂₁
	-26.45	0.40	792.80	-0.0011	-9.41
	α₂₂	α₃₀	α₃₁	α₃₂	α₃₃
	-6.33×10³	-1.14×10^-5	0.044	29.93	1.61×10⁴
0.1≤Z<0.5	α₀₀	α₀₁	α₁₁	α₂₀	α₂₁
	7.71	-0.16	-44.60	0.0016	0.27
	α₂₂	α₃₀	α₃₁	α₃₂	α₃₃
	118.17	-5.92×10^-6	7.50×10^-4	-0.55	-85.31
0.5≤Z<1	α₀₀	α₀₁	α₁₁	α₂₀	α₂₁
	6.71	-0.33	-3.34	0.0045	0.21
	α₂₂	α₃₀	α₃₁	α₃₂	α₃₃
	-2.07	-2.09×10^-5	-4.62×10^-4	-0.12	3.87

表6 柱形装药入射峰值冲量比例因子系数

Table 6 Parameters of proportion factor for incident peak impulse of cylindrical charge m/k g 1 / 3

0.06≤ Z<0.1	β₀₀	β₀₁	β₁₁	β₂₀	β₂₁
	-3.26	0.11	123.79	-8.71×10^-4	-2.31
	β₂₂	β₃₀	β₃₁	β₃₂	β₃₃
	-926.67	9.06×10^-7	0.014	4.66	2.96×10³
0.1≤ Z<0.5	β₀₀	β₀₁	β₁₁	β₂₀	β₂₁
	3.05	-0.13	5.24	0.0019	0.13
	β₂₂	β₃₀	β₃₁	β₃₂	β₃₃
	-33.02	-6.68×10^-6	-0.0015	0.068	32.96
0.5≤ Z<1	β₀₀	β₀₁	β₁₁	β₂₀	β₂₁
	6.86	-0.058	-20.00	9.85×10^-4	0.048
	β₂₂	β₃₀	β₃₁	β₃₂	β₃₃
	21.67	-1.30×10^-5	0.0018	-0.17	-4.42

图13 柱形装药入射载荷预测模型与数值结果对比[10,23]

Fig.13 Comparison of predicted and numerical results of incident parameters of cylindrical charge[10,23]

图14 柱形装药预测模型与数值模拟结果相对偏差

Fig.14 Relative deviation between predicted and numerical results of spherical and cylindrical charges

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