水介质中丝阵脉冲放电冲击相变铯铅溴钙钛矿研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变和改性后的钙钛矿材料光电性能会发生巨大改变,对新一代光伏元件的研发有重要意义。然而,亚稳相钙钛矿的截留和制备技术尚不完善。冲击加载手段具有高淬火速率的优点,可以截留亚稳相,有利于亚稳相的回收和制备。为实现对铯铅溴钙钛矿(CsPbBr₃)的冲击相变处理,利用水介质中柱面铜丝阵脉冲放电,产生柱面汇聚冲击波,开展冲击相变研究。通过调节脉冲放电的充电电压,实现冲击压力的调控,对CsPbBr₃粉体进行不同压力的冲击处理,并回收样品。对回收样品进行的多种分析表征结果表明:在适当的冲击压力下(高于2GPa),脉冲放电冲击波能引起CsPbBr₃粉体的相变,并实现回收;另外,亦可在回收样品中发现,晶粒细化、晶格畸变、纳米缺陷等冲击波处理后的典型现象;表明了水介质中柱面丝阵脉冲放电技术是一种可控的汇聚冲击波加载技术,提供了一种冲击相变加载的新方法。

关键词: 钙钛矿, 脉冲放电, 冲击波, 汇聚效应, 冲击相变

Abstract:

Perovskite is regarded as one potential material for next-generation photovoltaic devices owing to its outstanding photoelectric characteristics which can be easily adjusted by phase transitions.However,the technology for intercepting and preparing the metastable perovskites is still in its infancy.The impact loading method has a significant advantage of high quenching rate,and enables the capture of metastable phases and facilitating their subsequent recovery and preparation.To achieve the impact phase transition treatment of CsPbBr₃,the cylindrical converging shockwaves are generated by the pulsed discharge of cylindrical wire array in water medium for studying the shock-induced phase transition of CsPbBr₃.The delicate control of shock pressure is applied to act on CsPbBr₃ powder by adjusting the charging voltage.After experiments,the samples are recovered and characterized.The characterized results reveale that the shock waves generated by pulsed discharge can induce phase transition in CsPbBr₃ powder under appropriate shock pressures (above 2 GPa).Additionally,the typical phenomena such as grain refinement,lattice distortion and nano-defects are observed in the recovered samples after shock-wave treatment.This study demonstrates that pulsed discharge of cylindrical wire array in water medium is a feasible converging shock wave loading technique,providing a novel approach to shock-induced phase transition loading.

Key words: perovskite, pulsed discharge, shockwave, convergent effect, impact phase transition

中图分类号:

TB39

张雪迎, 高鑫, 肖泽琦, 刘开源, 岳丽丹, 秦智奇, 陈鹏万. 水介质中丝阵脉冲放电冲击相变铯铅溴钙钛矿研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(2): 240276-.

ZHANG Xueying, GAO Xin, XIAO Zeqi, LIU Kaiyuan, YUE Lidan, QIN Zhiqi, CHEN Pengwan. Study on Shock-induced Phase Transition of CsPbBr₃ through Pulsed Discharge of Cylindrical Wire Array in Water Medium[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(2): 240276-.

图/表 16

图1 水介质柱面铜丝阵脉冲放电实验示意图

Fig.1 Illustration of pulsed discharge of cylindrical copper wire array in water medium

图2 柱面丝阵装置图片

Fig.2 Cylindrical wire-array set-up

表1 柱面丝阵脉冲放电实验条件

Table 1 Experimental conditions of pulsed discharge of cylindrical copper wire array

序号	N	U₀/kV	E/kJ	前驱体
1	15	6	4.50	CsPbBr₃
2	15	12	18.00	CsPbBr₃
3	15	15	28.13	CsPbBr₃
4	15	15	28.13

表2 各柱面丝阵脉冲放电实验过热系数

Table 2 Overheating factor values of pulsed discharge of cylindrical copper wire array

序号	K
1	2.16
2	8.65
3	13.52
4	13.52

图3 脉冲放电装置等效电路

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit diagram of pulsed discharge device

图4 不同充电电压下典型放电电流

Fig.4 Typical discharge current curves of pulsed discharge at different charging voltages

表3 柱面丝阵放电电流特征参数

Table 3 Characteristic parameters of pulsed discharge of cylindrical copper wire array

序号	峰值电流/kA	周期/μs	脉宽/μs
1	320.09	164.04	43.09
2	451.12	186.74	50.87
3	633.85	160.06	46.05
4	631.17	160.06	45.49

表4 水介质中丝阵脉冲放电压力计算结果

Table 4 Pressure calculation results of pulsed discharge of wire array

序号	W_t/(J·m^-1)	τ/μs	T/μs	p_m/MPa	p_r/MPa	p_N/MPa
1	56250	21.53	41	189.26	151.39	586.34
2	225000	25.44	44.5	334.39	267.49	1035.98
3	351562.5	23.03	40	463.38	370.67	1435.58

图5 3号实验铜样品管爆炸前后对比

Fig.5 No.3 copper sample tube before and after experiment

图6 原料和回收样品的XRD图谱

Fig.6 XRD patterns of raw materials and recovered samples

表5 原料和回收样品XRD结果

Table 5 XRD results of recovered samples

原料和样品	A峰			B峰			C峰			D峰(主峰)			E峰			F峰
原料和样品	峰位/ (°)	相对峰强	偏差	峰位/ (°)	相对峰强	偏差	峰位/ (°)	相对峰强	偏差	峰位/ (°)	相对峰强	偏差	峰位/ (°)	相对峰强	偏差	峰位/ (°)	相对峰强	偏差
原料	15.30	0.26		21.56	0.58		30.46	0.27		30.80	1		37.91	0.45		43.81	0.35
1号样品	15.26	0.26	-0.04	21.56	0.38	0	30.46	0.44	0	30.80	1	0	37.91	0.18	0	43.80	0.24	-0.01
2号样品	15.34	0.20	0.04	21.68	1.16	0.12	30.62	0.72	0.16	30.91	1	0.11	37.91	0.71	0	44.01	0.72	0.20
3号样品	15.36	0.15	0.06	21.69	0.76	0.13	30.62	0.82	0.16	30.91	1	0.11	37.91	0.91	0	43.94	1.08	0.13

表6 原料与回收样品的晶格参数计算结果

Table 6 Calculated results of lattice parameters of raw material and recovered samples

原料和样品	晶型	a	b	c	α/ (°)	β/ (°)	γ/ (°)
原料	四方	5.87721	5.87721	23.23167	90	90	90
1号样品	四方	5.83567	5.83568	31.49033	90	90	90
2号样品	单斜	8.23600	5.79100	5.80800	90	134.799	90
3号样品	单斜	8.70096	4.09157	6.19904	90	110.20	90

表7 原料和样品的典型SEM图像

Table 7 Typical SEM images of raw material and samples

表8 原料以及样品的典型TEM图

Table 8 Typical TEM images of raw material and samples

表9 XRD显示出的原料与回收样品晶格间距

Table 9 Lattice spacing between the raw material and the recovered sample Å

原料	1号样品	2号样品	3号样品
5.786	5.802	5.764	5.771
4.118	4.118	4.094	4.103
2.932	2.932	2.917	2.922
2.901	2.901	2.891	2.890
2.371	2.371	2.371	2.371
2.065	2.065	2.059	2.060

图7 3号样品的高分辨图像和IFFT图

Fig.7 High resolution and IFFT images of No.3 sample

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