开孔泡沫金属传热和流动特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0482

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来开孔泡沫金属运用于散热设备逐渐成为研究的热点。由于开孔泡沫金属结构复杂无序,数值模拟时大都将其结构进行化简,目前已有种类繁多的简化模型,然而适用于其传热与流动特性模拟研究的简化模型尚不明确;另外,适用于散热领域的泡沫金属结构参数有待详细研究。为此,建立开孔泡沫金属的5种简化三维模型,并进行传热和流动特性的对比研究,认为Gibson-Ashby模型更能准确描述实际开孔泡沫金属的传热和流动性能。在此基础上,采用Gibson-Ashby模型对开孔泡沫金属的关键结构参数进行传热和流动综合性能分析,发现孔隙率90%、孔密度30PPI开孔泡沫金属翅片的综合性能j/f^1/3(j为换热因子,f为阻力因子)最优;将孔隙率90%、孔密度30PPI开孔泡沫金属翅片与平直翅片进行对比,发现开孔泡沫金属翅片换热效果是平直翅片的2倍以上,综合性能也优于平直翅片。所得研究成果可为开孔泡沫金属在换热领域的应用和设计提供参考。

关键词: 开孔泡沫金属, 简化三维模型, 平直翅片, 数值模拟, 传热, 阻力

Abstract:

In recent years, the application of open-cell metal foams in heat dissipation equipment has gradually become a research hotspot. Its structure is generally simplified in numerical simulation due to its complex and disordered structure. At present, there are a variety of simplified models, but the simplified models suitable for the simulation of heat transfer and flow characteristics are not clear. In addition, the structural parameters of metal foam suitable for heat dissipation need to be studied in detail. Therefore, five simplified 3-D models of open-cell metal foams are established, and the heat transfer and flow characteristics are compared to conclude that Gibson-Ashby model can describe the heat transfer and flow characteristics of open-cell metal foams more accurately. On this basis, Gibson-Ashby model is used to analyze the heat transfer and flow performance of open-cell metal foams. The results show that the comprehensive performance j/f^1/3 of open-cell metal foam fins with 90% porosity and 30PPI pore density is the best. Comparing the open-cell metal foam fins with porosity of 90% and pore density of 30PPI with the flat fin, the results show that the heat transfer effect of open-cell metal foam fins is more than two times that of the flat fin, and its comprehensive performance is better than that of the flat fin. The research results can provide reference for the application and design of open-cell metal foams in heat transfer field.

Key words: open-cell metal foam, simplified 3-D model, flat fin, numerical simulation, heat transfer, resistance

中图分类号:

TK124

李婧, 孙晓霞, 马兴龙, 朱文祥. 开孔泡沫金属传热和流动特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 122-130.

LI Jing, SUN Xiaoxia, MA Xinglong, ZHU Wenxiang. Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Open-cell Metal Foams[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 122-130.

图/表 23

图1 板翅式换热器结构

Fig.1 Structure of plate-fin heat exchanger

图2 开孔泡沫金属换热器

Fig.2 Open-cell metal foam heat exchanger

图3 实际开孔泡沫金属结构

Fig.3 Actual structure of open-cell metal foams

图4 Gibson-Ashby模型

Fig.4 Gibson-Ashby model

图5 立方体细丝模型

Fig.5 Cubic filament model

图6 十四面体模型

Fig.6 Decahedral model

图7 球缺模型

Fig.7 Spherical void model

图8 中空正六面体模型

Fig.8 Hollow regular hexahedron model

图9 换热器计算模型

Fig.9 Calculation model of heat exchanger

图10 网格划分

Fig.10 Mesh generation

表1 网格无关性验证结果

Table 1 Verified results for grid independence

网格数目	出口温度 T/K	T相对误差/%	进口压力 p/Pa	p相对误差/%
1636256	305.26		73.13
2603518	305.19	0.023	72.55	0.793
3671255	305.14	0.016	72.29	0.358

图11 各模型换热系数对比

Fig.11 Comparison of heat transfer coefficientsh of models

图12 各模型单位压降对比

Fig.12 Comparison of the specific pressure drops of models

图13 Gibson-Ashby模型温度分布

Fig.13 Temperature distribution of Gibson-Ashby model

图14 各截面温度分布

Fig.14 Temperature distribution of each section

图15 纵向对称面压力分布

Fig.15 Pressure distribution on longitudinal symmetry plane

图16 换热入口段流线图

Fig.16 Streamline diagram of heat exchange inlet section

图17 纵向对称面湍动能分布图

Fig.17 Turbulence intensity distribution on longitudinal symmetry plane

表2 开孔泡沫金属翅片各结构对比

Table 2 Comparison of open-cell metal foam fin structures

ε/%	PPI	h/(W·m^-2·K^-1)	Δp/(Pa·m^-1)	j/f^1/3
90	10	1020.41	1410.14	0.106
90	20	1267.25	1733.78	0.155
90	30	1620.77	2782.24	0.213
95	10	663.88	481.35	0.099
95	20	924.89	1056.42	0.133
95	30	1143.73	1799.92	0.174

图18 平直翅片及加热板模型示意图

Fig.18 Schematic diagram of flat fin and heating plate model

表3 平直翅片及加热板尺寸参数

Table 3 Dimension parameters of flat fin and heating plate

a/mm	b/mm	c/mm	d/mm	e/mm	f/mm	ε/%
50.8	10.16	0.25	3.05	10.16	0.5	90

图19 两种翅片Nu随Re的变化曲线

Fig.19 Changing curves of Nu with Re of the two fins

图20 两种翅片j/f1/3随入口速度v变化曲线

Fig.20 Changing curves of j/f1/3 with inlet velocity v

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