基于烤燃实验和数值模拟的战斗部装药热安全性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0917

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究炸药战斗部装药的热安全性,提出基于烤燃炸药温度、驱动活塞运动速度和反应压力确定反应模型参数并计算分析战斗部装药热安全性的方法。以RDX/Al/Binder炸药为例,采用设计的多点测温和驱动活塞运动速度及燃烧压力测量烤燃实验,分别对装药点火前的热反应温度和点火后的活塞运动速度及反应压力进行测量。通过数值模拟计算,标定炸药热分解反应动力学和燃烧反应模型参数,实现反应剧烈程度的定量描述,采用网格节点分离计算方法计算战斗部壳体的破裂,实现战斗部装药烤燃全过程的数值模拟。研究结果表明,对于战斗部RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药,加热速率越慢,装药点火时间越延迟,其点火区域越接近装药中心区域,壳体破裂越严重,壳体动能越大,装药反应越剧烈。

关键词: 战斗部装药, 烤燃实验, 热安全, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In order to study the thermal safety of the warhead charge, a method is proposed for calculating and analyzing the thermal safety of warhead charge and determining the parameters of the reaction modelbased on the temperature of explosive cook-off, the speed of driving piston and the reaction pressureof cook-off. Taking RDX/Al/Binder explosives as an example, the thermal reaction temperature of charge before ignition and the moving speed of piston and the combustion pressure after ignition are measured using the cook-off experiments designed of multi-point temperature measurement and the speed and combustion pressure of driving piston measurement. The thermal decomposition reaction kinetics and combustion reaction model parameters of explosives are calibrated for the quantitative description of the reaction severity through numerical simulation calculation. The cracking of warhead shell is calculated by using the grid node separation calculation method, and the whole cook-off process of warhead charge is numerically simulated. The results show that, for the warhead RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge, the slower the heating rate is, the longer the charge ignition time is, the closer the ignition area is to the center of charge, the more serious the shell rupture is, the greater the kinetic energy of shell is, the greater the kinetic energy of charge is, and the stronger the charge reaction is.

Key words: warhead charge, cook-off experimental, thermal safety, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

O643.2
TJ5

寇永锋, 杨坤, 张斌, 肖迤文, 鲁建英, 陈朗. 基于烤燃实验和数值模拟的战斗部装药热安全性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S1): 41-49.

KOU Yongfeng, YANG Kun, ZHANG Bin, XIAO Yiwen, LU Jianying, CHEN Lang. Research on Thermal Safety of Warhead Charge Based on Cook-off Experimental and Numerical Simulation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 41-49.

图/表 13

图1 实验系统布局图

Fig.1 Layout diagram of experimental system

图2 实验装置简图

Fig.2 Shematic diagram of experimental device

表1 材料物性参数

Table 1 Material physical parameters

材料	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	比热容/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	导热系数/ (w·m^-1·K^-1)
RDX/Al/Binder	-	1900	0.213
钢	8030	502.48	16.27
空气	1.225	1006.43	0.02

表2 炸药热分解反应动力学模型参数

Table 2 Thermal decomposition reaction kinetics model parameters of explosives

炸药	活化能/(kJ·mol^-1)	指前因子/(s^-1)
RDX/Al/Binder	147.5	9.01×10¹⁰

图3 战斗部装药结构示意图

Fig.3 Structural diagram of warhead charge

图4 战斗部炸药装药燃烧反应计算模型图

Fig.4 Combustion reaction calculation model of warhead charge

图5 3.0K/min下不同时刻RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药剖面温度分布

Fig.5 Temperature distribution of RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge profile at different times at 3.0K/min

图6 3.0K/min下RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药点火后的燃烧压力随时间变化实验和计算曲线

Fig.6 Experimental and calculated curves of combustion pressures after ignition of RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge at 3.0K/min

图7 3.0K/min下RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药点火后驱动活塞运动速度随时间变化实验和计算曲线

Fig.7 Experimental and calculated curves of the speed of driving the piston after ignition of RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge at 3.0K/min

表3 RDX/Al/Binder炸药燃烧反应模型参数

Table 3 Combustion reaction model parameters of RDX/Al/Binder explosive

未反应物状态方程	产物状态方程	燃烧速率方程
R₁=4.85×10⁴GPa	A=0.1GPa	a=0.08GPa^-1·μs^-1
R₂=-3.91GPa	B=0.1GPa	b=0.003GPa^-1·μs^-1
R₃=2.22× 10^-3GPa/K	G=4.0× 10^-5GPa	c=0.667,d=0.366, y=0.8
R₅=11.3	R₇=8.0	e=0.667, g=0.366, z=0.8
R₆=1.13	R₈=5.0	F_i=0.005
T₀=298K	D_p=0	p_i=0.01GPa
		F_amax=0.20
D_u=0		F_bmin=0.15

图8 两种加热速率下,RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药点火时刻剖面温度分布及点火区域温度和热量-时间曲线

Fig.8 Profile temperature distribution at ignition time and temperature/heat-time curves in ignition area of RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge at two differnet heating rates

图9 两种加热速率下战斗部RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药内部不同监测位置的压力-时间曲线

Fig.9 Pressure-time curves for different monitoring positions inside warhead RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge under two different heating rates

图10 两种加热速率下战斗RDX/Al/Binder炸药装药点火后不同时刻的壳体变形

Fig.10 Shell deformations at different times after ignition of warhead RDX/Al/Binder explosive charge at two different heating rates

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