长杆弹二次侵彻机理及影响因素研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对长杆弹侵彻半无限厚金属靶过程中第3侵彻阶段机理不清的问题,建立了三维光滑粒子流体动力学有限元模型,在验证模型有效性的基础上,开展了金杆侵彻半无限厚7075-T6铝靶研究,对第3侵彻阶段机理进行探索,并分析弹/靶密度、强度和弹体长径比对侵彻的影响规律。研究结果表明:金杆侵彻7075-T6铝靶的侵彻深度曲线在高速段显著超过流体动力学极限是由倒转金杆碎片对靶板的二次侵彻造成的;金杆销蚀后形成管状碎片体,高初速下其速度较大,其方向与侵彻方向一致,且其密度大,因此它会在弹体完全销蚀后继续侵彻靶体;金杆的二次侵彻深度随撞击速度增大呈“S”形增大,它对总侵彻深度的贡献在3km/s撞击速度下甚至高达15.6%;存在二次侵彻时,长杆弹侵彻半无限靶第3侵彻阶段划分为剩余侵彻和二次侵彻阶段更合适;高弹靶密度比有利于形成二次侵彻现象;靶体密度和强度对总侵彻性能的影响显著超过弹体密度和强度;无论是保持弹体长度还是质量不变,长径比对流体动力学侵深和总侵深有显著的影响,但对二次侵彻的影响却较小。

关键词: 金长杆弹, 二次侵彻, 7075-T6铝靶, 数值模拟

Abstract:

A 3D SPH-FEM finite element model is established to further investigate the penetration mechanism of long-rod projectile at the third penetration stage. On the basis of verifying the effectiveness of the model, a penetration of gold rod against a semi-infinite thick 7075-T6 aluminum target is studied, the mechanism of the third penetration stage is explored, and the influence law of projectile/target density and strength, and L/D of projectile on penetration is also analyzed. The calculated results show that the reason why the P/L vs. striking velocity curve for gold rod penetrating 7075-T6 aluminum target is broken is the secondary penetration of the inverted rod debris. A tubular fragment is formed after the gold rod is eroded. At high initial velocity, its velocity is higher, its direction is consistent with the penetration direction, and its density is large. Therefore, it will continue to penetrate the target after the projectile body is completely eroded. The secondary penetration depth of the gold rod increases in an “S” shape with the increase in striking velocity, and its contribution to the total penetration depth is even as high as 15.6% at striking velocity of 3km/s. When there is a secondary penetration, it is more appropriate to divide the third penetration stage into residual and secondary penetration stages. High projectile-target density ratio is beneficial for the formation of secondary penetration. The influence of the target density and strength on the penetration capability significantly exceeds that of the projectile. Under the conditions of the unchanged length or mass of the projectile, the effect of length-to-diameter ratio on the hydrodynamics and total penetration depth is significant, but its effect on the secondary penetration is small.

Key words: gold long-rod, secondary penetration, 7075-T6 aluminum target, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

O347

唐奎, 王金相, 刘亮涛, 杨明. 长杆弹二次侵彻机理及影响因素研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3707-3718.

TANG Kui, WANG Jinxiang, LIU Liangtao, YANG Ming. Study on the Mechanism of Secondary Penetration of Long-rod Projectile and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3707-3718.

图/表 18

图1 金杆侵彻7075-T6铝靶有限元模型

Fig.1 Numerical simulation model for gold rod penetrating 7075-T6 aluminum target

表1 弹靶材料模型参数

Table 1 Material parameters of projectile and target

材料	G₀ / GPa	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	σ₀/ MPa	T_m0/ K	c₁/ (m·s^-1)	S₁	G'_p	G'_T/ (GPa·K^-1)	σ'_p	β	n	γ₀	σ_m/ MPa
金杆	28	19.3	200	1280	3080	1.56	1.05	-0.00871	7.50×10^-4	49	0.39	2.99	225
铅杆	4.9	11.9	18	600	2092	1.45						2
铝杆	26.9	2.7	290	930	5380	1.34						2.1
7075-T6铝靶	26.7	2.8	496	1220	5200	1.36	1.741	-0.01645	2.74×10^-2	965	0.1	2.2	810

图2 数值仿真结果与Allen等[10]的试验数据对比

Fig.2 Comparison between the simulated result and the experimental result in Ref.[10]

图3 夹心长杆弹侵彻半无限靶试验(左)与仿真结果(右)对比[2]

Fig.3 Comparison between experimental (left) and simulated (right) results for jacketed long-rods impacting semi-infinite target[2]

图4 正逆弹道数值仿真结果对比

Fig.4 Simulated results of normal and reverse trajectories

图5 金杆以不同初速撞击7075-T6铝靶最终仿真结果

Fig.5 Simulated results for gold rods impacting 7075-T6 aluminum targets at different striking velocities

图6 金杆以3km/s速度撞击7075-T6铝靶过程

Fig.6 Penetration process of gold rod impacting 7075-T6 aluminum target at 3km/s

图7 金杆销蚀和碎片管形成过程及速度场

Fig.7 The process of gold rod erosion and formation of debris tube and velocity field

图8 二次侵彻中金杆碎片的演化过程及速度场变化

Fig.8 Evolution process and velocity field of gold rod debris during secondary penetration

图9 L/D=7.35金杆以3km/s速度撞击7075-T6铝靶的弹尾速度、侵彻速度、弹体长度、侵彻深度和弹/靶界面压力的时程曲线

Fig.9 Typical simulated results for time histories of back-end velocity, penetration velocity, projectile length, penetration depth, and interface pressure at rod-target boundary for L/D=7.35 gold rod impacting aluminum target at 3.0km/s

图10 存在二次侵彻时的弹/靶界面压力及侵彻阶段划分

Fig.10 The rod/target interface pressure and the division of penetration stage when secondary penetration exists

图11 金杆侵彻7075-T6铝靶侵深组成与试验结果

Fig.11 Penetration depth composition and experimental results for gold rod impacting 7075-T6 aluminum target

表2 金杆侵彻不同厚度7075-T6铝靶结果

Table 2 Results of gold rod impacting 7075-T6 aluminum target with different thickness

表3 不同速度金杆侵彻不同厚度7075-T6铝靶深度

Table 3 Penetration depth for gold rod impacting 7075-T6 aluminum target with different thickness at different v0 mm

h/cm	v₀/(km·s^-1)
h/cm	2.540	2.771
1.4	12.703	14.020
1.5	12.617	13.357
1.6	12.656	13.301
无限厚	12.842	13.507

图12 典型速度下的弹/靶密度与侵深关系

Fig.12 Relationship the rod/target density and penetration depth at different striking velocities

图13 侵深与弹/靶强度关系

Fig.13 Relationship between penetration depth and rod/target strength

图14 侵深与长径比关系曲线

Fig.14 Relationship between penetration depth and L/D

图15 销蚀弹体碎片剩余速度与长径比关系

Fig.15 Relationship between the residual velocity of eroded projectile debris and L/D

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