接触爆炸下混凝土墩破坏效应试验与数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0397

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究混凝土墩在炸药接触爆炸作用下的破坏效应,分别采用K & C模型、HJC模型、RHT模型和Kong-Fang模型对混凝土墩体的破坏效果进行数值模拟,讨论破坏形态、裂缝数量、块体数量、芯部残高和侧面残高的变化并与试验对比。研究结果表明,4种模型都能有效地预测混凝土墩体的破坏形态:在顶部集团装药爆炸作用下,混凝土墩体上半部分和下半部分表现为不同的破坏形式,上半部分为破碎性破坏,形成大量1~10cm为主的碎块;下半部分为破裂性破坏,开裂为有限数量的块体;其中Kong-Fang模型能够更加可靠地预测破裂区块体的数量和残高。残留块体破坏特征参数随装药量的变化的研究结果表明,随着装药量从1.0kg增加到4.5kg,块体的数量增加到25,块体底面尺寸由40cm减小为15cm,约为混凝土底边尺寸的1/5~1/25;装药量从1.0kg增加到3.5kg时芯部残高及侧面残高减小较快,在装药量增加到4.0kg后,分别稳定在40cm及28cm左右处,不再明显变化。基于以上研究结果,拟合了块体数量、芯部残高及侧面残高随装药量的变化公式,为有效实施混凝土墩体爆破作业提供了参考。

关键词: 混凝土墩, 顶部爆炸, 破坏效应, 数值模拟, 试验

Abstract:

The damage effects of concrete pier under the action of contact explosion are studied. Firstly, the K&C, HJC, RHT and Kong-Fang models are respectively used to numerically calculate the failure effects of concrete pier. The failure modes, the number of cracks, the number of broken blocks and the change in residual heights of core and side are discussed and compared with the test results. The results show that the four models can effectively predict the failure modes of concrete pier: the upper half and lower half of concrete pier show different failure modes under the explosion of the top group charge. The upper half is broken and damaged to form a large number of fragments ranging from 1cm to 10cm in diameter, and the lower half is ruptured to be cracked into a limited number of blocks. Kong-Fang model can more reliably predict the number and residual heights of broken blocks. On this basis, the variation of damage characteristic parameters of residual blocks with the charge volume was studied. It is found that, with the increase in the charge from 1.0kg to 4.5kg, the number of broken blocks increases to 25 pieces, and the size of the bottom surface of a block decreases from 40cm to 15cm, which is about 1/5-1/25 of the size of concrete pier in the broken part. The core residual height and side residual height decrease rapidly when the charge volume increases from 1.0kg to 3.5kg, and are stabilized at 40cm and 28cm, respectively, after the charge of 4kg, and no longer changed significantly. Based on the above research results, the formulas for the changes in the number of blocks, the residual height of the core and the residual height of the side are fitted. The research in this paper provides a basis for the effective implementation of concrete pier blasting operations.

Key words: concrete pier, top blast, damage effect, numerical calculation, test

中图分类号:

O389
TB41

康耕新, 颜海春, 张亚栋, 刘明君, 郝礼楷. 接触爆炸下混凝土墩破坏效应试验与数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 144-155.

KANG Gengxin, YAN Haichun, ZHANG Yadong, LIU Mingjun, HAO Likai. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Damage Effects of Concrete Pier under Contact Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 144-155.

图/表 22

图1 试验模型简图及现场布置情况

Fig.1 Experimental model and site layout

表1 不同装药量下墩体的破坏情况

Table 1 Damaging conditions of pier body under different charge volumes

图2 碎块分布

Fig.2 Fragment distribution

表2 试验中破坏情况统计结果

Table 2 Statistical results of damage in test

装药量/ kg	竖向裂缝/ 条	块体数量	芯部残高/ cm	侧面残高/ cm
1.0	1~2	6	65	53
1.5	2	8	58	44
2.0	2	8	55	40
2.5	2~3	10	51	38
3.0	3	13	46	36

图3 简化计算模型

Fig.3 Simplified calculation model

图4 K & C模型强度面

Fig.4 Strength surface of K & C model

表3 K & C模型参数[28]

Table 3 Parameters of K & C constitutive model[28]

T/MPa	R₀/(kg·m^-3)	PR	A₀/MPa	RSIZE	UCF
1.45	2300	0.2	-16.7	39.37	1.45×10^-4

图5 HJC模型屈服面

Fig.5 Yield surface of HJC model

表4 HJC模型参数[29-30]

Table 4 Parameters of HJC constitutive model[29-30]

A	B	N	p_lock/GPa	K₁/GPa	K₂/GPa	K₃/GPa
0.28	1.85	0.84	1.21	12	135	698
D₁	D₂	EFMIN	C
0.04	1.0	0.01	0.006

图6 RHT模型屈服面

Fig.6 Yield surface of RHT model

表5 RHT模型参数[31-32]

Table 5 Parameters of RHT constitutive model[31-32]

SHEAR/MPa	F_C/MPa	R₀/(kg·m^-3)	F_T	F_S	A	N
15300	16.7	2300	0.08	0	1.6	0.61

表6 Kong-Fang模型参数[21⇓⇓⇓-25,33]

Table 6 Parameters of K&C constitutive model[21⇓⇓⇓-25,33]

F_c/MPa	E/GPa	K/GPa	G/GPa	T/MPa	Omiga	Frac	Fail_ten	Fail_eqs
-16.7	27.5	15.28	11.46	1.45	0.5	0.01	1	0.5

表7 空气的材料参数[34]

Table 7 Material parameters of air[34]

ρ₀/ (kg·m^-3)	c₀,c₁, c₂,c₃	c₄	c₅	c₆	e₀/ (10⁶J·m^-3)
1.29	0	0.4	0.4	0	0.25

表8 炸药的材料参数[35]

Table 8 Material parameters of explosive[35]

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	D/(m·s^-1)	p_C-J/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	e₀/(10⁹J·m^-3)
1717	7980	28.6	524.2	7.768	4.2	1.1	0.34	8.5

图7 K & C模型数值模拟结果

Fig.7 Numerical results obtained by K & C model

图8 HJC模型数值模拟结果

Fig.8 Numerical results obtained by HJC model

图9 RHT模型数值模拟结果

Fig.9 Numerical results obtained by RHT model

图10 Kong-Fang模型墩体数值模拟结果

Fig.10 Numerical results obtained by Kong-Fang model

表9 不同模型的破坏结果汇总

Table 9 Summary of damage results for different models

装药量/ kg	竖向裂缝/条				块体数量
装药量/ kg	K&C	HJC	RHT	Kong- Fang	K&C	HJC	RHT	Kong- Fang
1.0	0	0	1	2	1	1	5	9
1.5	1	0	1	2	1	1	5	9
2.0	1	0	1	4	5	1	5	9
2.5	1	0	3	4	5	1	17	13
3.0	1	0	3	4	5	1	17	17
装药量/ kg	芯部残高/cm				侧面残高/cm
装药量/ kg	K&C	HJC	RHT	Kong- Fang	K&C	HJC	RHT	Kong- Fang
1.0	68	63	49	67	76	59	61	42
1.5	65	63	42	61	57	58	60	38
2.0	60	63	46	55	53	58	46	33
2.5	58	63	38	50	56	58	45	34
3.0	56	63	42	46	53	56	39	32

图11 误差分析

Fig.11 Error analysis

图12 破坏过程

Fig.12 Damage process

图13 破坏特征参数随装药量的变化

Fig.13 Variation of failure parameters with charge volume

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