径向不耦合装药爆压消峰作用及其对岩石破裂范围影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

弄清单孔爆破岩石破裂规律是揭示群孔爆破岩石破碎机理的基础。从理论上阐明了单孔爆破岩石破裂机理,采用高能爆轰炸药模型和混凝土损伤模型,分别模拟了空气与水不耦合装药下单孔爆破的应力变化过程、裂纹扩展过程以及不耦合系数为1.0~3.5时岩石粉碎区与裂隙区大小;分析了炮孔壁上爆破压力峰值、粉碎区与裂隙区的大小随不耦合系数的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于不同介质的影响,空气不耦合装药结构对于爆压的削峰作用约是水不耦合装药结构的 2倍;当不耦合系数介于1.0~3.5时(药卷直径不变),空气不耦合装药下粉碎区直径介于4.44~1.59倍炮孔直径,裂隙区直径介于22.5~7.62倍炮孔直径;水不耦合装药下粉碎区直径介于4.44~2.74倍炮孔直径,裂隙区直径介于22.5~10.67倍炮孔直径。

关键词: 单孔爆破, 岩石破裂, 不耦合系数, 装药结构, 粉碎区, 裂隙区

Abstract:

Understanding the law of rock fracture induced by single hole blasting is the basis to reveal the mechanism of rock fracture induced by multi-hole blasting. The mechanism of rock fracture induced by single hole blasting is clarified theoretically, and then the change process of stress, the propagation process of crack and the sizes of rock crushed zone and cracked zone with the decoupling coefficient of 1-3.5 are simulated by using a high explosive model and a rock RHT model. The laws of variation of the peak value of blasting pressure on the blast hole wall and the ranges of crushed zone and cracked zone with the increase in decoupling coefficient are analyzed. Calculated results show that the air-decoupling charge structure has about 2 times the peak shaving effect on the blasting pressure than the water-uncoupled charge structure due to the influences of different decoupling media. With the increase of decoupling coefficient from 1 to 3.5 (unchanged charge diameter), the diameters of crushed zone and cracked zone for the air-decoupling charge structure ranges from 4.44 to 1.59 and 22.5 to 7.62 times hole diameter, respectively. While for the water-decoupling charge structure, the diameters of crushed zone and the cracked zone are 4.44 to 2.74 times and 22.5 to 10.67 times more than hole diameter, respectively.

Key words: single hole blasting, rock breakage, decoupling coefficient, charge structure, crushed zone, cracked zone

中图分类号:

TD235.1

范勇, 吴凡, 冷振东, 杨广栋, 赵小华. 径向不耦合装药爆压消峰作用及其对岩石破裂范围影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 131-143.

FAN Yong, WU Fan, LENG Zhengdong, YANG Guangdong, ZHAO Xiaohua. Peak Elimination Effect of Radial Uncoupled Charge on Explosion Pressure and Its Influence on Rock Fracture Range[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 131-143.

图/表 16

图1 数值模型

Fig.1 Numerical model

表1 炸药材料参数

Table 1 Explosive material parameters

A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	e₀/GPa	V
200	3.2	5.8	1.29	0.3	4.19	1.0

表2 水的材料参数

Table 2 Water material parameters

ρ_w/ (kg·m^-3)	C_w/ (m·s^-1)	μ_w	γ₀	a	S₁	S₂	S₃	E₀/ (J·kg^-1)
1000	0.148	8.9	0.493	0	2.55	1.986	0.227	0

图2 实验与数值模拟结果对比

Fig.2 Comparison between test and numericaly simulated results

表3 RHT岩石模型参数

Table 3 Parameters of RHT rock model

参数	数值	参数	数值
物质密度ρ_r/(kg·m^-3)	2660	失效面参数A	1.6
孔隙压缩时压力p_el/MPa	42.7	失效面指数N	0.61
孔隙度指数NP	3.0	压缩应变率相关指数BETAC	0.02
初始孔隙度α_o	1.6	拉伸应变率相关指数BETAT	0.05
Hugoniot多项式系数A₁/GPa	27.80	参考压缩应变率E0C	310^-5
Hugoniot多项式系数A₂/GPa	37.25	参考拉伸应变率E0T	3×10^-6
Hugoniot多项式系数A₃/GPa	21.32	破坏压缩应变率EC	3×10²⁵
EOS多项式参数B₀	1.22	破坏拉伸应变率ET	3×10²⁵
EOS多项式参数B₁	1.22	破坏参数D₁	0.015
EOS多项式参数T₁/GPa	27.8	破坏参数D₂	0.920
EOS多项式参数T₂	0	压缩屈服面参数GC^*	0.53
抗压强度f_c/MPa	200	拉伸屈服面参数GT^*	0.70
相对抗拉强度 $f t *$	0.05	最小损伤残余应变EPM	0.01
相对抗剪强度 $f s *$	0.27	残余应力强度参数AF	1.60
剪切模量G/GPa	18.36	残余应力强度指数AN	0.61
Mie-Gruneisen GAMMA	0	侵蚀塑性应变EPSF	2.0

表3 RHT岩石模型参数

Table 3 Parameters of RHT rock model

参数	数值	参数	数值
物质密度ρ_r/(kg·m^-3)	2660	失效面参数A	1.6
孔隙压缩时压力p_el/MPa	42.7	失效面指数N	0.61
孔隙度指数NP	3.0	压缩应变率相关指数BETAC	0.02
初始孔隙度α_o	1.6	拉伸应变率相关指数BETAT	0.05
Hugoniot多项式系数A₁/GPa	27.80	参考压缩应变率E0C	310^-5
Hugoniot多项式系数A₂/GPa	37.25	参考拉伸应变率E0T	3×10^-6
Hugoniot多项式系数A₃/GPa	21.32	破坏压缩应变率EC	3×10²⁵
EOS多项式参数B₀	1.22	破坏拉伸应变率ET	3×10²⁵
EOS多项式参数B₁	1.22	破坏参数D₁	0.015
EOS多项式参数T₁/GPa	27.8	破坏参数D₂	0.920
EOS多项式参数T₂	0	压缩屈服面参数GC^*	0.53
抗压强度f_c/MPa	200	拉伸屈服面参数GT^*	0.70
相对抗拉强度 $f t *$	0.05	最小损伤残余应变EPM	0.01
相对抗剪强度 $f s *$	0.27	残余应力强度参数AF	1.60
剪切模量G/GPa	18.36	残余应力强度指数AN	0.61
Mie-Gruneisen GAMMA	0	侵蚀塑性应变EPSF	2.0

图3 爆破压力曲线图(空气)

Fig.3 Blasting pressure curves (air)

图4 应力变化曲线

Fig.4 Stress curves

图5 裂纹动态扩展过程(空气、不耦合系数为2.0)

Fig.5 Dynamic propagation process of crack (air, decoupling coefficient is 2.0)

图6 空气不耦合装药岩石破裂范围(药卷直径不变)

Fig.6 Rock cracking range induced by air-uncoupling charge (unchanged charge diameter)

图7 空气不耦合岩石破裂范围(炮孔直径不变)

Fig.7 Rock cracking range induced by air-uncoupling charge (unchanged hole diameter)

图8 爆破压力曲线图(水)

Fig.8 Blasting pressure curves (water)

图9 水不耦合岩石破裂范围(药卷直径不变)

Fig.9 Rock cracking range of water-uncoupling charge (unchanged charge diameter)

图10 水不耦合岩石破裂范围(炮孔直径不变)

Fig.10 Rock cracking range of water-uncoupling charge (unchanged hole diameter)

图11 压力峰值曲线图

Fig.11 Pressure peak curves

图12 粉碎区和裂隙区与炮孔直径比值随不耦合系数变化规律

Fig.12 Variation of ratio of crushed zone and cracked zone to borehole diameter with decoupling coefficient

图13 空气不耦合粉碎区与裂隙区范围模拟值与理论值比较

Fig.13 Comparison between simulated and theoretical values of range in crushed zone and cracked zone

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