钨锆钛活性破片对间隔靶的毁伤效应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究钨锆钛活性破片穿靶后的耦合毁伤机理,开展了钨锆钛活性破片侵彻6mm Q235钢板和1.5mm铝板组成的间隔靶的弹道枪实验,观察钢靶穿孔模式、后效铝靶的毁伤模式及活性破片侵彻间隔靶的高速摄像,结合活性破片冲击反应理论、能量守恒原理,计算靶板变形能,分析化学能和动能在耦合毁伤中的贡献占比。研究结果表明:活性破片着靶速度小于800m/s时,钢靶塞块与破片碎片云在铝靶上造成隆起、侵坑、烧蚀破坏,着靶速度增大到1187m/s以上时,铝靶受前层钢靶塞块作用发生冲塞破坏,在碎片云的动能与化学能耦合毁伤作用下出现隆起、裂纹和花瓣翘曲;随着着靶速度的增大,后效靶毁伤面积与活性破片反应程度均呈增大趋势;化学能在耦合毁伤中的贡献度逐渐增大。

关键词: 钨锆钛活性破片, 侵彻, 毁伤效应, 间隔靶

Abstract:

In order to study the coupling damage mechanism of W/Zr/Ti reactive fragments after penetrating a target, a ballistic gun experiment is conducted to investigate the penetration of W/Zr/Ti reactive fragments into a spaced target composed of 6mm-thick Q235 steel plate and 1.5mm-thick aluminum plate. Combined with the impact reaction theory of reactive fragments and the principle of energy conservation, the target deformation energy is calculated and the contributions of chemical energy and kinetic energy to coupled damage are analyzed from the perforation mode of steel targets, the damage mode of after-effect aluminum targets, and high-speed photography of reactive fragments penetrating the spaced targets. The research results show that, the slug and debris cloud cause bulge, perforation, and ablation damage on the aluminum target when an active fragment hits the target at a speed of less than 800m/s. When the target hits the target at a speed of more than 1187m/s, the aluminum target undergoes shear perforation under the action of the front steel target plug, resulting in bulge, cracks, and petal warping under the coupling damage of kinetic and chemical energies of debris cloud. With the increase of the target velocity, the damage area of rear target and the reaction degree of active fragment show an increasing trend, and the contribution of chemical energy to coupled damage gradually increases.

Key words: W/Zr/Ti reactive fragment, penetration, damage effect, spaced target

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

王在成, 徐祎, 姜春兰, 胡榕, 何政. 钨锆钛活性破片对间隔靶的毁伤效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3862-3871.

WANG Zaicheng, XU Yi, JIANG Chunlan, HU Rong, HE Zheng. Damage Effect of W/Zr/Ti Reactive Fragments on Spaced Targets[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3862-3871.

图/表 15

图1 实验样品

Fig.1 Experimental sample

图2 实验标靶结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental target and target structure

图3 实验测试系统与场地实际布置

Fig.3 Experimental test system and actual layout of the site

图4 钨合金破片对间隔靶毁伤形貌(v0=1414m/s)

Fig.4 Damage morphology of spaced target impacted by tungsten alloy fragment (impact speed: 1414m/s)

表1 活性破片对间隔靶毁伤形貌

Table 1 Damage morphology of spaced target impacted by reactive fragments

表2 不同破片侵彻间隔靶的实验数据

Table 2 Experimental data of reactive fragments penetrating spaced targets

序号	破片类型	速度/ (m·s^-1)	前靶穿孔模式	前靶穿孔直径/mm	后靶透光面积/mm²	毁伤区面积/mm²	裂纹数目/条	后靶破坏模式
1	活性破片 (6.35mm×6.35mm×6.35mm)	647	未穿透	未穿透	未穿透	无毁伤	无裂纹	无破坏
2		698	冲塞	9.5	未穿透	无毁伤	无裂纹	无破坏
3		798	冲塞	9.9	未穿透	1078	无裂纹	隆起
4		1187	冲塞	10.2	80	2089	4	隆起+花瓣型
5		1410	冲塞	10.5	526	2872	4	花瓣型
6		1562	冲塞	10.7	979	3631	4	花瓣型
7		1780	冲塞	10.8	1406	5879	4	花瓣型
8	惰性破片 (6.35mm×6.35mm×6.35mm)	1414	冲塞	9.1	200	310	无裂纹	冲塞

图5 塞块对铝靶的穿孔形貌

Fig.5 Perforation morphology of plug on aluminum target

图6 破片临界穿靶速度下撞击钢靶的高速摄影图像

Fig.6 High-speed photographic images of fragments at critical target penetration speed

图7 不同着靶速度下典型时刻高速摄影图片

Fig.7 Typical high-speed photographic images at different impact speeds

图8 不同速度下累计亮度随时间变化趋势

Fig.8 Variation trend of cumulative brightness with time at different velocities

图9 碎片云反应程度与速度的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between reactivity and velocity of debris clouds

图10 碎片云动能和反应程度与速度的关系

Fig.10 Relationship among kinetic energy, reactivity, and velocity of debris clouds

图11 靶板隆起毁伤与变形示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of damage area and deformation of target plate bulge

图12 花瓣撕裂区域毁伤及靶板开裂前变形示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagrams of petal tear area damage and target plate deformation before cracking

表3 不同速度下靶板变形能及化学能在耦合毁伤中的贡献度

Table 3 Contribution of deformation energy and chemical energy of target plate to coupling damage at different velocities

破片初速/ (m·s^-1)	最大裂纹长度/mm	作用于靶板变形的碎片云动能/J	靶板变形能/J	化学能贡献度
798	无裂纹	38.4	155.8	0.312
1187	10.0	205.4	450.3	0.554
1410	35.2	290.2	723.6	0.601
1562	49.4	360.6	1058.8	0.660
1780	60.3	453.1	1552.3	0.708

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