活性药型罩聚能装药侵彻爆燃试验及耦合作用机理分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0645

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究氟聚物基活性药型罩聚能装药对钢靶的侵彻爆燃行为及耦合作用机理,开展配方为质量分数73.5%聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)/26.5%Al活性药型罩聚能装药作用钢靶静爆实验,获得炸高对侵彻深度、侵彻孔径、钢靶爆裂行为影响特性。实验结果表明,活性药型罩聚能装药炸高在0.35~1.00倍装药直径范围内,对钢靶侵爆耦合毁伤效应最为显著。结合准定常理想不可压缩流体力学理论,引入活性射流反应延迟时间,给出活性射流侵彻深度与反应延迟时间函数关系,建立活性射流侵孔内有效质量模型;基于修正的伯努利方程,结合活性射流内爆特性,发展活性射流侵孔孔径理论模型;结合圆筒破坏理论提出活性射流侵爆耦合作用下钢靶爆裂行为判断方法。理论模型定量化描述了活性射流对钢靶的侵爆行为,揭示了破甲终止后活性射流内爆超压导致的扩孔与钢靶爆裂机理。

关键词: 活性材料, 活性药型罩, 侵彻, 爆燃, 毁伤模型

Abstract:

To investigate the penetration-deflagration behaviors and coupling mechanism of fluoropolymers based reactive liner shaped charge against steel target, the damage experiment of 73.5% PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)/26.5% Al reactive liner shaped charge impacting the steel target is carried out, and the effects of stand-off on the penetration depth, penetration aperture, and burst behaviors of the steel target are obtained. The results show that the coupling damage effect of penetration and burst of reactive liner shaped charge on the steel target is most significant when the stand-off is in the range of 0.35CD~1.00CD. On this basis, combining the theory of quasi-steady incompressible fluid mechanics, a function between the penetration depth and reaction delay of the reactive jet is given by introducing the reaction delay, and the effective mass model of the reactive jet inside the penetration hole is further developed. Based on the modified Bernoulli equation, combining the interior explosion characteristics of the reactive jet, a theoretical model for the reactive jet's penetration aperture diameter is developed. Using the cylinder failure theory, a method for judging the burst behaviors of a steel target under the coupling damage effect of penetration and burst of the reactive jet is proposed. The theoretical model quantitatively describes the coupling damage the reactive jet causes to the steel target and reveals the mechanism for the expansion of the hole and burst of the steel target caused by overpressure after the armor penetration is terminated.

Key words: reactive materials, reactive liner, penetration, deflagration, damage model

中图分类号:

TJ410.4

苏成海, 李宗谕, 郑元枫, 郑志坚, 郭焕果. 活性药型罩聚能装药侵彻爆燃试验及耦合作用机理分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(2): 334-344.

SU Chenghai, LI Zongyu, ZHENG Yuanfeng, ZHENG Zhijian, GUO Huanguo. Penetration-deflagration Experiment and Coupling Mechanism of Reactive Liner Shaped Charge[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(2): 334-344.

图/表 18

图1 活性药型罩样品烧结曲线

Fig.1 Sintering curve of reactive liner samples

图2 活性药型罩

Fig.2 Reactive liner sample

图3 PTFE/Al活性药型罩SEM微观结构

Fig.3 SEM microstructure of PTFE/Al reactive liner

表1 PTFE/Al活性材料与紫铜机械性能参数对比

Table 1 Comparison between mechanical parameters of the reactive material and copper

材料	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	屈服强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	抗拉强度/MPa	延伸率/ %
PTFE/Al	2.27	12.65	1.29	19.2	37
紫铜^[10]	8.9	90	127	209	60

图4 活性药型罩聚能装药结构

Fig.4 Reactive liner shaped charge structure

图5 实验原理与靶场布置

Fig.5 Experimental principle and setup

图6 活性罩聚能装药作用钢靶实验结果

Fig.6 Experimental results of damage effectscaused by the reactive liner shaped charge to the steel target

图7 钢靶破坏剖视图

Fig.7 Section view of damage effects

表2 活性罩聚能装药作用钢靶实验数据

Table 2 Experimental results regarding damage effects

序号	炸高	侵彻深度/ mm	顶部孔径 D_t/mm	底部孔径 D_b/mm	裂纹
1	23mm(0.35CD)	51	68	24	4条裂纹 (3大1小)
2	33mm(0.5CD)	52	60	21	3条裂纹,钢靶几乎裂成两半
3	66mm(1.0CD)	48	55	23	4条裂纹 (3大1小)
4	99mm(1.5CD)	50	39	20	无
5	132mm(2.0CD)	30	43	18	无

图8 活性罩聚能装药对钢靶毁伤作用原理

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the damage effects

图9 活性射流侵彻钢靶理论模型

Fig.9 Theoretical model for the reactive jet penetrating the steel target

图10 活性射流侵彻钢靶剩余质量模型

Fig.10 Residual mass model of the reactive jet penetrating the steel target

图11 不同炸高条件侵彻深度随时间变化关系

Fig.11 Relationship between penetration depth and time under different stand-offs

图12 不同炸高条件活性射流有效质量随侵彻深度变化关系

Fig.12 Relationship between meff and penetration depth under different stand-offs

表3 着靶时活性射流物理参数

Table 3 Parameters of the reactive jet when reaching the target

射流参数	0.35CD	0.5CD	1.0CD	1.5CD
头部直径/mm	9.8	9.2	8.6	7.8
头部速度/(m·s^-1)	7100	6889	6805	6770
杵体直径/mm	17.2	19.2	18.4	18
杵体速度/(m·s^-1)	516	562	511	490
侵彻体长度/mm	73	81	111	142

表4 不同炸高下钢靶侵孔直径与碎裂强度极限计算

Table 4 Calculation of the penetration hole diameter and ultimate fracture strength under different stand-offs

参数	0.35CD	0.5CD	1.0CD	1.5CD
顶部孔径D_t理论值/mm	61.9	53.5	48.4	42.8
侵孔底部孔径D_b理论值/mm	18.8	20.5	22.0	17.8
侵孔平均直径计算值/mm	40.4	37.0	35.2	30.3
碎裂强度极限计算值/MPa	91.1	93.0	93.9	96.1
侵孔内爆压力计算值/MPa	131.8	124.4	98.2	85.1
是否碎裂	是	是	是	否

图13 活性射流侵孔理论计算值与实验结果对比

Fig.13 Comparison of experimental and calculated results regarding hole diameter

图14 侵孔平均直径

Fig.14 Average perforation diameter

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