舰炮半穿甲模拟弹对金属靶板斜侵彻研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0793

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

舰炮作为打击海上、空中和岸上目标的主要武器之一,半穿甲弹的侵彻能力是评价其弹药毁伤能力的重要一环,而开展实船射击实验成本高、机会少。为研究舰炮半穿甲弹倾斜侵彻金属靶板的侵彻能力,参考美军MK-45舰炮使用的奥托·梅莱拉127mm弹药设计半穿甲模拟弹,采用实验、数值仿真与经验公式相结合的方法分析靶板破环模式、破口尺寸。实验结果表明,在45°和60°两种靶板倾角、385m/s和500m/s两种着靶速度情况下,半穿甲模拟弹对12mm厚E36钢板具有足够的侵彻能力,模拟弹对靶板侵彻的破坏形式为冲塞破坏,破口尺寸平均为弹直径的1.25倍。仿真结果表明:剩余速度、破口形状与实验结果吻合;Thor公式的计算结果与实验结果较为接近,经过参数优化后实验、经验公式与仿真得到的剩余速度误差不超过10%。

关键词: 舰炮, 半穿甲弹, 倾斜侵彻, 均质靶板, 剩余速度

Abstract:

Ship gun is one of the main weapons for attacking the targetsat sea, air and shore, and the penetration ability of semi-armor-piercing projectile for ship gun is an important index of evaluating its damage ability. Carrying out live-ship firing test is costly and lack of opportunities. In order to study the penetration ability of naval gun semi-armor-piercing projectile, a semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile is designed by referring to OTO Melara 127mm ammunition used by US MK-45 naval gun. On the basis of experiment, numerical simulation and empirical formula, the damage mode and crevasse size of target plate are analyzed. The experimental results show that, under the two plate inclination angles of 45° and 60° and two target velocities of 385m/s and 500m/s, the semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile has sufficient penetration ability to 12mm thick E36 steel plate, and the damage mode of simulation projectile to target plate is a thrust destruction. The average size of the crevasse is 1.25times the diameter of the projectile. The simulated results show that the calculated results including the residual velocity and breach are reasonably agreed with the experimental results.The calculated results of Thor’s formula are relatively close to the experimental results.After parameter optimization, the residual velocity error obtained by the experiment, empirical formula and simulation does not exceed 10%.

Key words: naval gun, semi-armor-piercing projectile, oblique penetration, homogeneous plate, residual velocity

中图分类号:

TJ412.⁺7

裴桂艳, 聂建新, 王秋实, 焦清介, 杜志鹏, 李营. 舰炮半穿甲模拟弹对金属靶板斜侵彻研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 731-743.

PEI Guiyan, NIE Jianxin, WANG Qiushi, JIAO Qingjie, DU Zhipeng, LI Ying. Study on Oblique Penetration of Metal Plate by Naval Gun Semi-armor-piercing Simulation Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 731-743.

图/表 28

图1 半穿甲弹侵彻靶板实验现场布置图

Fig.1 Experiment layout of penetration of semi-armor-piercing projectile into target plate

图2 半穿甲模拟弹示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile

图3 模拟弹实物图

Fig.3 Simulation projectile

图4 弹道炮实物图

Fig.4 Ballistic gun

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experiment condition

工况	实验序号	材料	靶板厚度/mm	靶板倾角/ (°)	预计着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)
1	1	E36	12	60	385
	2	E36	12	60	385
2	3	E36	12	45	385
	4	E36	12	45	385
3	5	E36	12	45	500
	6	E36	12	45	500

表2 实验测得弹丸速度

Table 2 Experimental results of projectile velocity

实验序号	高速摄像系统测得弹丸着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	靶前通断靶测得弹丸着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法着靶速度平均值/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法着靶速度相对差/%	高速摄像系统测得弹丸靶后速度/ (m·s^-1)	靶后通断靶测得弹丸靶后速度/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法靶后速度平均值/ (m·s^-1)	两种测试方法靶后速度相对差/%
1	387	389.00	388.00	-0.51	377	359.82	368.41	4.56
2	393	389.90	391.45	0.79	363	383.32	373.16	-5.60
3	384	378.38	381.19	1.46	357	—	357.00	—
4	393	387.86	390.43	1.31	370	312.81	341.41	15.46
5	500	499.70	499.85	0.06	444	472.40	458.20	-6.39
6	505	502.04	503.52	0.59	487	460.90	473.95	5.36

图5 侵彻过程高速摄像图

Fig.5 High speed photograph of penetration process

图6 侵彻后弹丸及靶板实物图

Fig.6 Projectile and plate images after penetration

图7 实验靶板扫描测量图

Fig.7 Scanning images of experiment target plate

表3 破口尺寸测量

Table 3 Breach size

实验序号	破口尺寸 (A靶×B靶)/ (mm×mm)	破口面积/ cm²	平均破口面积/ cm²	有无撕裂
1	174.56×145.30	253.63	230.62	无撕裂
2	140.85×147.40	207.61		无撕裂
3	147.64×155.10	228.99	242.99	无撕裂
4	147.35×174.41	256.99		无撕裂
5	151.87×182.44	277.07	249.20	无撕裂
6	136.69×161.92	221.33		无撕裂

图8 半穿甲模拟弹侵彻钢板仿真有限元模型

Fig.8 Finite element model of penetration of plate by semi-armor-piercing projectile

表4 30CrMnSiA材料Johnson-Cook本构模型参数[17]

Table 4 Johnson-Cook model parameters of 30CrMnSiA[17]

弹性常数与密度					屈服应力和应变硬化参数
E/GPa	P_r		ρ/(kg·m^-3)		A/MPa	B/MPa	n		C	m
200	0.33		7850		550	101	0.08		0.1	0.55
断裂应变常数
D₁		D₂		D₃		D₄		D₅
0.3		0.9		2.8		-0.0123		0

表5 E36材料Johnson-Cook本构模型参数[18]

Table 5 Johnson-Cook model parameters of E36[18]

弹性常数与密度					屈服应力和应变硬化参数
E/GPa	P_r		ρ/(kg·m^-3)		A/MPa	B/MPa		n		C	m
200	0.33		7850		355	190		0.22		0.008	1.27
断裂应变常数
D₁		D₂		D₃			D₄		D₅
-0.8		2.1		0.5			0		0

表6 半穿甲模拟弹侵彻靶板的剩余速度仿真结果

Table 6 Simulated results of penetration of plate by semi-armor-piercing simulation projectile

工况	靶板厚度/mm	靶板倾角/(°)	v₁/ (m·s^-1)	v₂/ (m·s^-1)	v₃/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%
1	12	60	390	361	371	-2.7
2	12	45	386	358	349	2.6
3	12	45	502	476	466	2.1

图9 靶板破口仿真结果

Fig.9 Simulated breaches of target plate

表7 破口尺寸对比

Table 7 Comparison of breach sizes

工况	实验平均破口面积/ cm²	仿真破口尺寸 (A靶×B靶)/ mm	仿真破口面积/cm²	相对差/%
1	230.62	140.7×130.6	183.75	20.30
2	242.99	152.9×130.4	199.38	17.94
3	249.2	149.1×129.2	192.64	22.70

图10 侵彻后弹丸及靶板仿真图

Fig.10 Projectile and plate simulation image after penetration

图11 倾斜侵彻各阶段von Mises应力状态变化过程

Fig.11 Change of von Mises stress state at different stages of oblique penetration

表8 弹体侵彻不同时刻靶板应力状态

Table 8 Stress states of target plate at different times of projectile penetration

图12 弹体侵彻过程中典型单元三轴应力状态

Fig.12 Stress triaxiality of typical failure element during projectile penetration

图13 弹体侵彻过程中动能衰减

Fig.13 Kinetic energy attenuation during projectile penetration

图14 不同倾斜角度对靶后速度的影响

Fig.14 Influence of different oblique angles on residual velocity

图15 不同倾斜角度对偏转角度的影响

Fig.15 Influence of different oblique angles on deflection angle

表9 不同靶板材料c11~c15系数

Table 9 c11-c15 coefficients of different target materials

材料	参数
材料	c₁₁	$c 1 2$	$c 1 3$	$c 1 4$	$c 1 5$
镁	6.904	1.092	-1.170	1.050	-0.087
铝合金2024T-3	7.047	1.029	-1.072	1.251	-0.139
铸铁	4.840	1.042	-1.051	1.028	0.523
表面硬化钢	4.356	0.674	-0.791	0.989	0.434
低碳均质钢	6.399	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019
高强度均质钢	6.475	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019

表9 不同靶板材料c11~c15系数

Table 9 c11-c15 coefficients of different target materials

材料	参数
材料	c₁₁	$c 1 2$	$c 1 3$	$c 1 4$	$c 1 5$
镁	6.904	1.092	-1.170	1.050	-0.087
铝合金2024T-3	7.047	1.029	-1.072	1.251	-0.139
铸铁	4.840	1.042	-1.051	1.028	0.523
表面硬化钢	4.356	0.674	-0.791	0.989	0.434
低碳均质钢	6.399	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019
高强度均质钢	6.475	0.889	-0.945	1.262	0.019

表10 弹丸剩余速度计算、实验与仿真结果

Table 10 Calculated, experimental and simulated result of residual velocity (m·s-1)

序号	贝尔金公式计算结果	Thor公式计算结果	Poncelet公式计算结果	实验测量结果	仿真结果
1	371.98	354.06	353.97	368.41	361
2	375.76	357.85	357.76	373.16
3	360.96	338.45	338.32	357.00	358
4	369.45	346.93	346.81	341.41
5	480.00	457.43	458.31	458.20	476
6	481.88	460.03	459.90	473.95

图16 弹丸剩余速度计算结果、实验测量及仿真结果对比

Fig.16 Comparison of calculated, experimental and simulated results of residual velocity

表11 优化后Thor公式弹丸剩余速度计算结果与实验结果对比

Table 11 Calibrated Thor formula results and experimental data of residual velocity

序号	Thor公式计算结果/(m·s^-1)	实验结果/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%
1	367.58	368.41	-0.23
2	371.38	373.16	-0.48
3	355.93	357.00	-0.30
4	364.42	341.41	6.74
5	475.05	458.20	3.68
6	477.65	473.95	0.78

表12 优化后的Thor公式弹丸剩余速度计算结果与仿真结果对比

Table 12 Calibrated Thor formula results and simulation data of residual velocity

着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	45°倾角			60°倾角
着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	Thor公式计算结果/ (m·s^-1)	仿真结果/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%	Thor公式计算结果/ (m·s^-1)	仿真结果/ (m·s^-1)	相对差/%
300	276.18	279	-1.01	281.53	283	-0.51
350	326.14	329	-0.87	331.50	333	-0.45
450	426.07	428	-0.45	431.44	433	-0.36
500	476.04	478	-0.41	481.42	483	-0.33

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