炸药抗过载性能试验方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

炸药抗过载性能的测试与表征,是侵彻战斗部装药选型的重要依据。基于单自由度受迫振动模型,建立炸药抗过载性能试验测试装置,模拟战斗部侵彻过程中炸药装药所承受的力学环境和变形行为,提出过载条件下炸药的点火判据 $∫ σ ·$ dσ(σ和 $σ ·$ 分别为应力和应力率),形成了炸药抗过载性能表征方法。采用该装置对3种典型的DNAN基不敏感侵彻熔注炸药的抗过载性能进行测试,得到它们的点火阈值分别为1.8GPa²/ms、2.2GPa²/ms和3.3GPa²/ms;采用平头弹侵彻试验方法,对上述3种炸药的抗过载性能进行验证,得到了3种炸药的着靶爆炸反应的临界速度范围分别为444~475m/s、512~531m/s和大于570m/s。研究结果表明,炸药抗过载性能测试和平头弹侵彻试验方法试验的验证结果一致,说明炸药抗过载性能试验方法可作为侵彻战斗部装药选型的科学有效手段。

关键词: DNAN炸药, 抗过载性能, 侵彻安定性, 试验装置, 点火判据

Abstract:

The test and characterization of the anti-overload performance of the explosives are important basis for the selection of penetrating warhead charge. Based on the single-degree-of-freedom forced vibration model, a testing device for the anti-overload performance of explosives is set up, the mechanical environment and deformation characteristics of explosive charges in the process of warhead penetration are simulated. Then we propose a method for characterizing the anti-overload performance, which is the explosive charge ignition criterion $∫ σ ·$ dσ(σ and $σ ·$ are stress and stress rate respectively), and obtain a method for characterizing overload resistance of explosives. The device is used to test the anti-overload performance of three typical DNAN-based insensitive penetrating melt cast explosives, and obtain that their ignition thresholds are 1.8GPa^2/ms, 2.2GPa²/ms and 3.3GPa²/ms. Then, the flat-nosed projectile penetration test is employed to verify the anti-overload performance of the above three explosives. The results show that the anti-overload performance test and the flat-nosed projectile penetration test deliver consistent results, indicating that the test method and the device for the anti-overload performance of explosives are scientifically effective in selecting penetrating warhead charges.

Key words: DNAN explosives, anti-overload performance, stability of penetration, test device, ignition criterion

周霖, 倪磊, 李东伟, 张向荣, 刘海青, 江涛, 朱英中. 炸药抗过载性能试验方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(6): 1722-1732.

ZHOU Lin, NI Lei, LI Dongwei, ZHANG Xiangrong, LIU Haiqing, JIANG Tao, ZHU Yingzhong. Test Method for Anti-overload Performance of Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(6): 1722-1732.

图/表 19

图1 单自由度受迫振动模型原理图

Fig.1 Diagram of single-degree-of-freedom forced vibration model

图2 侵彻环境模拟试验装置系统组成及结构概念图

Fig.2 System composition and structure concept diagram of penetration environment simulation test device

图3 侵彻环境模拟试验装置主体部分装配图

Fig.3 Drawing of assembly of main part of penetration environment simulation test device

表1 不同试验条件下3组试验药柱应力峰值

Table 1 Peak stress value of the 3 groups of test charge grain under different experimental conditions

销钉直径/mm	气室初始压强/MPa	自由程/ mm	峰值压力/MPa	平均峰值压力/MPa	偏差/%
			741		1.93
6.0	0.5	252	724	727	0.41
			715		1.65
			952		1.06
8.0	0.9	240	940	942	0.21
			934		0.85
			1233		0.57
10.0	1.2	250	1244	1230	1.14
			1223		0.57

图4 不同试验条件下3组试验药柱应力-时间曲线对比

Fig.4 Comparison of stress-time curves of the 3 groups of test grain under different experimental conditions

图5 试验件结构及几何尺寸

Fig.5 Structure and geometry of the test piece

表2 炸药配方组分及含量

Table 2 Composition and content of explosive formulation

配方名称	组分及含量
RBUHL-1	DNAN 35%/RDX 15%/AP 15%/Al 25%/助剂10%
RBHL-1	DNAN 25%/RDX 36%/Al 31%/助剂8%
RBOL-1	DNAN 25%/HMX 36%/Al 31%/助剂8%

表3 试验条件

Table 3 Experimental conditions

序号	销钉直径/mm	自由程/mm	打击速度/(m·s^-1)
1	6.0	240	6.66
2	8.0	180	8.97
3	8.0	240	9.26
4	10.0	160	11.03
5	10.0	240	12.58

图6 RBUHL-1炸药样品打击试验实测应力时间曲线

Fig.6 Measured stress-time curve of RBUHL-1 explosive sample by impact test

图7 RBUHL-1试验件回收照片

Fig.7 Photos of RBUHL-1 test piece recovery

图8 RBHL-1炸药样品打击试验实测应力-时间曲线

Fig.8 Measured stress-time curve of RBHL-1 explosive sample by impact test

图9 RBHL-1试验件回收照片

Fig.9 Photos of RBHL-1 test piece recovery

图10 RBOL-1炸药样品打击试验实测应力时间曲线

Fig.10 Measured stress-time curve of RBOL-1 explosive sample by impact test

图11 RBOL-1试验件回收照片

Fig.11 Photos of RBOL-1 test piece recovery

图12 平头弹试验靶场布置示意图

Fig.12 Layout diagram of flat-nosed projectile test range

图13 平头试验弹结构图

Fig.13 Structure diagram of flat-nosed test projectile

图14 装填RBUHL-1炸药平头弹试验后现场照片(左为靶标,右为回收弹体)

Fig.14 Photos of the site after the test with RBUHL-1 explosive flat-nosed projectile(left: target, right: recovered projectile)

图15 装填RBHL-1炸药平头弹试验后现场照片(左为靶标,右为回收弹体)

Fig.15 Photos of thh site after the test with RBHL-1 explosive flat-nosed projectile (left: target, right: recovered projectile)

图16 装填RBOL-1炸药平头弹试验后现场照片(左为靶标,右为回收弹体)

Fig.16 Photos of the site after the test with RBOL-1 explosive flat-nosed projectile (left: target, right: recovered bullet)

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