不同能量结构炸药水下爆炸对舷侧多舱结构毁伤特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同能量结构炸药对舰船的毁伤规律,开展不同能量结构炸药水下爆炸对舰船多舱结构的毁伤特性研究。通过任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法模拟TNT、PBXC19、H6和PBXN111共4种炸药水下爆炸能量输出结构,获取不同炸药的冲击波能和气泡能占比;分析不同能量结构炸药对多舱结构的破坏机理,获取不同能量结构炸药对多舱结构的毁伤特征。研究结果表明:同等装药情况下,炸药的冲击波能越大则冲击波阶段毁伤越严重,气泡能越大则气泡阶段毁伤越严重,2.28倍TNT冲击波能的炸药PBXC19在冲击波阶段舷侧外板破口直径比TNT增加30.2%;气泡在自由液面破碎的条件下,1.44倍TNT气泡能炸药H6在气泡阶段舷侧外板破口直径比TNT增加9.9%;增大炸药冲击能和气泡能会显著增加冲击波和气泡载荷对舰船多舱结构的毁伤效果。

关键词: 炸药, 水下爆炸, 能量结构, 冲击波, 气泡, 舰船毁伤

Abstract:

In order to explore the rules of damage of explosives with different energy structures to ships, the damage characteristics of underwater explosion of explosives with different energy structures to ship multi-cabin structures are studied.The energy output structure of underwater explosions of four types of explosives, namely TNT, PBXC19, H6, and PBXN111, is simulated using arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) algorithm, and the proportions of shock wave energy and bubble energy for different explosives are obtained.Subsequently, the damage mechanisms of explosives with different energy structures on multi-cabin structures are analyzed, and the damage characteristics of explosives with different energy structures on multi cabin structures are obtained.The research results show that, under the same charge,the larger the shock wave energy of the explosive is,the more severe the damage in the shock wave stage is,and the larger the bubble energy is,the more severe the damage in the bubble stage is.PBXC19 explosive of which shock wave energy is 2.28 times more than that of TNT increases the rupture diameter of the side shell by 30.2% during the shock wave stage compared to TNT When bubbles break on the free surface,the explosive H6 of which bubble energy is 1.44 times more than that of TNT increases the rupture diameter of the side shell by 9.9% during the bubble stage compared to TNT.Increasing the shock wave energy and bubble energy of explosives significantly increase the damage effect of shock waves and bubble loads on ship multi cabin structures.

Key words: explosive, underwater explosion, energy structure, shock wave, bubble, ship damage

中图分类号:

U661.4

王涛, 刘亮涛, 王金相, 张轶凡. 不同能量结构炸药水下爆炸对舷侧多舱结构毁伤特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231201-.

WANG Tao, LIU Liangtao, WANG Jinxiang, ZHANG Yifan. The Damage Characteristics of Underwater Explosion of Explosives with Different Energy Structures on the Side Multi-cabin Structure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231201-.

图/表 19

图1 流体与结构模型

Fig.1 Fluid and structure models

图2 三舱结构构造

Fig.2 Construction of three-layer cabin structure

表1 水的参数[43]

Table1 Parameters of water[43]

ρ₀/ (kg·m^-3)	C/ (m·s^-1)	γ₀	a	S₁	S₂	S₃	E/MPa
1025	1480	0.35	0	1.921	-0.096	0	0.2895

表2 907A钢的参数

Table2 Parameters of 907A steel

ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	E/Pa	μ	A/Pa	B/Pa	C	m
7850	2.1×10¹¹	0.3	4.6×10⁸	3.2×10⁸	0.022	1
n	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
0.36	0.2	0	0	0	0

表3 炸药的参数

Table3 Parameters of explosives

炸药	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E/GPa	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	D_C_-_J/(m·s^-1)	p_C-J/GPa
TNT	373.8	3.75	4.15	0.9	0.35	7	1630	6930	21
PBXC19	2644.4	26.79	6.13	1.5	0.5	11.5	1896	9083	34.5
H6	758.07	8.513	4.9	1.1	0.2	10.3	1760	7470	24
PBXN111	372.9	5.412	4.453	1.102	0.35	12.95	1792	6476	20.84

图3 不同尺寸的有限元网格

Fig.3 Finite element meshes with different sizes

表4 有限元网格收敛性分析

Table4 Convergence analysis of finite element mesh

网格尺寸/cm	炸药直径/网格尺寸	压力峰值/MPa	误差/%
0.20	7.15	11.37	7.37
0.25	5.72	11.36	7.40
0.35	4.09	11.14	9.24
0.45	3.18	10.89	11.21

表5 仿真结果与试验结果对比

Table5 Comparison of numerically calculated results and experimental results

序号	试验结果	仿真结果	序号	试验结果	仿真结果
1			6
2			7
3			8
4			9
5			10

图4 试验和仿真冲击波压力

Fig.4 Experimental and simulated shock wave pressure curves

图5 不同炸药冲击波压力

Fig.5 Shock wave pressure curves of different explosives

图6 不同炸药气泡体积变化

Fig.6 Bubble volume variation curves of different explosives

表6 不同炸药的水下爆炸结果

Table 6 Underwater explosion results of different explosives

炸药	压力峰值/ MPa	气泡周期/s	气泡半径/m	比冲击波能/ (MJ·kg^-1)	比气泡能/ (MJ·kg^-1)	e_t/ (MJ·kg^-1)	e_s/e_sTNT	e_b/ $e b T N T$
TNT	152	0.109	0.687	0.98	2.45	3.67	1.00	1.00
PBXC19	281	0.099	0.679	2.23	1.84	4.93	2.28	0.75
H6	159	0.123	0.760	1.15	3.53	5.01	1.17	1.44
PBXN111	194	0.130	0.799	1.80	4.16	6.41	1.84	1.70

表6 不同炸药的水下爆炸结果

Table 6 Underwater explosion results of different explosives

炸药	压力峰值/ MPa	气泡周期/s	气泡半径/m	比冲击波能/ (MJ·kg^-1)	比气泡能/ (MJ·kg^-1)	e_t/ (MJ·kg^-1)	e_s/e_sTNT	e_b/ $e b T N T$
TNT	152	0.109	0.687	0.98	2.45	3.67	1.00	1.00
PBXC19	281	0.099	0.679	2.23	1.84	4.93	2.28	0.75
H6	159	0.123	0.760	1.15	3.53	5.01	1.17	1.44
PBXN111	194	0.130	0.799	1.80	4.16	6.41	1.84	1.70

图7 流体中测点和结构上测点位置

Fig.7 Locations of observation points in fluid and on structure

图8 不同炸药的流体与三舱结构作用过程

Fig.8 Interaction processes among fluids of different explosives and three-layer cabin structures

图9 不同炸药流体域中流体测点冲击波压力

Fig.9 Shock wave pressures at observation points in the fluid domain of different explosives

图10 不同炸药三舱结构冲击波毁伤情况

Fig.10 Damage results of three-layer cabin structure caused by shock waves of different explosives

图11 不同炸药的三舱结构气泡毁伤情况

Fig.11 Damage results of three-layer cabin structure caused by bubbles of different explosives

表7 不同炸药在冲击波和气泡阶段对舷侧外板毁伤破口平均直径

Table7 Average rupture diameter of side shell caused by different explosives during the shock wave and bubble stages

炸药	冲击波阶段/m	气泡阶段/m
TNT	2.78	5.48
PBXC19	3.62	5.33
H6	3.14	6.02
PBXN111	3.61	6.48

图12 不同炸药结构测点的等效塑性应变

Fig.12 Effective plastic strain of observation points on the structures of different explosives

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