飞机防/除冰复合材料用电加热织物力学性能和电加热性能研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1200

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

飞机机翼和发动机进气道的结冰导致飞行安全事故频发。针对飞机在寒冷气候下飞行会造成机翼和发动机进气道结冰的问题,开发一种可用于飞机防/除冰的电加热复合材料用增强织物。基于定制纤维铺放(Tailored Fiber Placement,TFP)技术,设计制备镍铬合金丝作为电热元件、玻纤平纹织物作为基底、涤纶线作为面线和底线的电加热织物。通过拉伸实验研究针迹步长、面线张力和布线速度等TFP工艺参数对电加热织物经向和纬向拉伸性能的影响,选择出最优工艺参数。以此参数制备出3种电热元件排列密度电加热织物,同时对其在不同电压下的电热性能进行评价。拉伸性能和电热性能测试结果表明:基于TFP技术制备的镍铬合金丝电加热织物经向和纬向拉伸强度保留率最高可达98.34%和95.71%;3种电加热织物35s时均可达到最高平衡温度,当施加电压不变时,电热元件排列密度越大,织物最高平衡温度越高;所得研究结果可为飞机防/除冰用电热复合材料提供增强织物方案,对于飞机防/除冰用材料的研制具有重要意义。

关键词: 飞机, 防/除冰, 电加热织物, 定制纤维铺放, 拉伸强度, 电热性能

Abstract:

Icing on aircraft wings and engine air intakes leads to frequent flight accidents.In response to the problem of icing on wings and engine air intakes caused when an aircraft flies in a cold climate,a reinforcing fabric for electrically heated composites is developed for anti-icing and de-icing of aircraft.The electrically heated fabric,which is consisted of Ni-Cr alloy wire as an electric heating element,glass fiber plain fabric as a base fabric and polyester wire as the surface and bottom lines,is designed and prepared based on the tailored fiber placement (TFP) technology.The influences of TFP process parameters,such as stitch length,thread tension,and wiring speed,on the transaxial and zonal tensile properties of electrically heated fabric are investigated by tensile experiment,so as to select the optimal process parameters.Three kinds of electrically heated fabrics with different electrically heating element arrangement densities are prepared based on the optimal process parameters,and the electrothermal properties of the three kinds of electrically heated fabrics under different voltages are evaluated.The test results of tensile and electrothermal properties show that the retention rates of transaxial and zonal tensile strengths of Ni-Cr alloy wire electrically heated fabrics prepared based on TFP technology could reach up to 98.34% and 95.71%,respectively.The temperatures of three kinds of electrically heated fabrics could reach the highest balance temperature in 35 seconds.When the applied voltage is constant,The bigger the arrangement densities of the resistance wires are,the higher the highest balance temperature of the fabric is.The results can provide a reinforced fabric scheme for electrically heated composites for aircraft anti-icing and de-icing.

Key words: aircraft, anti-icing and de-icing, electrically heated fabric, tailored fiber placement, tensile strength, electrothermal property

中图分类号:

TS106

胡俊军, 王守涛, 孙颖, 崔艳超, 张宏亮, 向卫宏, 陈利. 飞机防/除冰复合材料用电加热织物力学性能和电加热性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231200-.

HU Junjun, WANG Shoutao, SUN Ying, CUI Yanchao, ZHANG Hongliang, XIANG Weihong, CHEN Li. Mechanical and Electrical Heating Properties of Electrically Heated Fabric for Aircraft Anti-icing and De-icing Composites[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231200-.

图/表 14

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标称值与实测值	厚度/mm	经密/ (根·cm^-1)	纬密/ (根·cm^-1)	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	纵向拉伸强度/ MPa	弹性模量/ MPa
标称值	0.18	19	15	168.0	176.50	55.8
实测值	0.19±0.02	18±2	13±2	165.0±5.0	167.0±10.00	54.93±5.00

标称值与实测值	厚度/mm	经密/ (根·cm^-1)	纬密/ (根·cm^-1)	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	纵向拉伸强度/ MPa	弹性模量/ MPa
标称值	0.18	19	15	168.0	176.50	55.8
实测值	0.19±0.02	18±2	13±2	165.0±5.0	167.0±10.00	54.93±5.00

标称值和实测值	线密度/ D	纵向拉伸强度/ MPa	伸长率/ %	弹性模量/ MPa
标称值	120	318.50	11.32	28.14
实测值		321.48±5.00	10.98±2.00	29.28±4.00

标称值和实测值	线密度/ D	纵向拉伸强度/ MPa	伸长率/ %	弹性模量/ MPa
标称值	120	318.50	11.32	28.14
实测值		321.48±5.00	10.98±2.00	29.28±4.00

标称值和实测值	细度/ mm	电阻率/ (Ω·m^-1)	伸长率/ %	纵向拉伸强度/ MPa	弹性模量/ MPa
标称值	0.08	265.00	26.76	725.00	27.09
实测值	0.08	230.20± 30.00	27.00± 3.00	723.42± 3.00	26.79± 2.00