椭圆截面柱形炸药爆炸冲击波威力特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0969

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究典型椭圆截面柱形炸药在空间中爆炸冲击波特性,开展变截面柱形炸药自由场静止爆炸实验,并建立相应的数值模拟模型,通过与实验结果进行对比验证数值模拟的可靠性;开展不同截面形状的柱形炸药在自由场爆炸的数值模拟计算,以探究截面形状对爆炸冲击波威力特性的影响。研究结果表明:椭圆截面柱形炸药产生的爆炸冲击波产生与圆截面柱形相似的波系结构,但不同方位角的冲击波传播特性存在差异,短轴方向的超压峰值、最大冲量与冲击波速度均大于长轴方向;不同长短轴比的椭圆截面炸药,长短轴比越大,这种差异性越明显。通过引入等效半径拟合得到含有长短轴比作为变量的超压峰值及超压峰值形状因子计算公式,且公式计算结果与数值模拟的结果偏差小于10%。

关键词: 椭圆截面, 冲击波, 威力特性, 数值模拟, 预测模型

Abstract:

To explore the explosive shock wave characteristics of typical cylindrical explosives with elliptical cross-section,an experiment on the static explosion of variable-section cylindrical explosives in free field is conducted,and a corresponding numerical simulation model is established.The reliability of the numerically simulated results is verified by comparing with the experimental results.The explosions of cylindrical explosives with different cross-sectional shapes in free field are numerically simulated to investigate the influence of cross-sectional shape on the power characteristics of explosive shock waves.The research results indicate that the explosive shock wave generated by the cylindrical explosives with elliptical cross-section produces a wave system structure similar to that generated by the cylindrical explosives with a circular cross section,but there are differences in the propagation characteristics of shock wave at different azimuth angles.The peak overpressure,maximum impulse,and shock wave velocity in the short-axis direction are all greater than those in the long-axis direction.For elliptical cross-section explosives with different aspect ratios of long axis to short axis,the greater the aspect ratio is,the more significant this difference becomes.An equivalent radius is introduced to fit and obtain a formula for calculating the peak overpressure and the shape factor of peak overpressure,which includes the aspect ratio as a variable,and a deviation between the calculated results and the numerically simulated results is less than 10%.

Key words: elliptical cross-section, shock wave, power characteristics, numerical simulation, prediction model

中图分类号:

O389

安骋远, 刘海鹏, 刘彦, 任炜. 椭圆截面柱形炸药爆炸冲击波威力特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240969-.

AN Chengyuan, LIU Haipeng, LIU Yan, REN Wei. Shock Wave Power Characteristics of Cylindrical Explosives with Elliptical Cross-section[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240969-.

图/表 26

图1 椭圆截面(左)及空间位置(右)相关参数

Fig.1 Relative parameters of elliptical cross-section(left) and spatial position(right)

表1 椭圆变截面柱形炸药相关参数

Table 1 Relative parameters of cylindrical explosives with elliptical variable-cross-section

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1630	a/cm	4.67
M/g	1450	b/cm	3.33
H/cm	25	μ	1.4

图2 椭圆截面柱形炸药由场静止爆炸实验

Fig.2 Free-field static explosion experiment of cylindrical Explosives with elliptical cross-section

图3 炸药自由场静止爆炸的数值模拟模型

Fig.3 Numerical simulation model for the static airburst of explosives in an free field

表2 炸药数值模拟相关参数

Table 2 Parameters related to numerical simulation of explosives

ρ_e/(m·s^-3)	D_C-J(km·s^-1)	p_C-J/GPa	Q/(J·kg^-1)	A/GPa
1791	7.98	29.5	6487	524.2
B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀
7.678	3.42	1.91	0.35	8.5

图4 实验与数值模拟得到的典型位置处超压-时间

Fig 4 Typical overpressure-time curves obtained at characteristic locations through experiment and simulation

图5 实验与数值模拟得到的典型位置处冲量-时间

Fig.5 Typical overpressure-time curves obtained at characteristic locations through experiment and simulation

表3 实验与数值模拟得到的超压峰值对比结果

Table 3 Comparison of experimental and simulated peak overpressures

方向/(°)	距离/m	超压峰值/MPa		误差/%
方向/(°)	距离/m	实验值	数值模拟值	误差/%
0	1.5		0.434
	2.5	0.138	0.128	7.18
	3.5		0.063
45	1.5	0.735	0.760	3.40
	2.5	0.148	0.167	12.84
	3.5	0.080	0.071	11.25
90	1.5		1.438
	2.5	0.318	0.284	10.69
	3.5	0.091	0.097	6.59
135	1.5		0.760
	2.5	0.156	0.167	7.05
	3.5	0.084	0.071	14.46

图6 地面高速摄影机记录的爆炸典型图像

Fig.6 The typical explosion images captured by ground-based high-speed cameras

图7 处理后的冲击波位置图像(左)与数值模拟图像(右)对比

Fig 7 Processed shock wave position image(left) and simulation image(right)

图8 在0°和90°冲击波波阵面随时间变化的图像

Fig.8 Shock wave front at 0° and 90° as a function of time

图9 z=50cm冲击波波阵面随时间的变化

Fig.9 Shock wave front at z=50cm as a function of time

图10 在爆炸中远场的冲击波波阵面图像

Fig.10 Images of far-field shock wave front during explosion

图11 z=150cm冲击波波阵面随时间的变化

Fig.11 Shock wave front at z=150cm as a function of time

图12 各距离下不同方位角的超压-时间曲线

Fig 12 Overpressure-time curves at different azimuth angles at various distances

图13 距离为2.5m和3.0m处不同方位角的冲量-时间

Fig 13 Impulse-time curves at different azimuth angles for distances of 2.5m and 3.0m

图14 变截面与等截面柱形炸药冲击波波阵面对比

Fig.14 Comparison of shock wave wavefronts for cross-sectional and uniform cross-sectional cylindrical explosives with with variable and uniform cross-sections

表4 TNT数值模拟计算相关参数

Table 4 Relative parameters of TNT numerical simulation calculation

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	D/(km·s^-1)	p_C-J/GPa	Q/(J·kg^-1)	A/GPa
1630	6.9	21	4120	371.2
B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀
3.21	4.15	0.95	0.3	7.0

表5 数值模拟模型几何参数

Table 5 Geometric parameters of numerical simulation model

μ	a/cm	b/cm	μ	a/cm	b/cm
1.1	3.07	2.79	1.6	3.7	2.31
1.2	3.21	2.67	1.7	3.82	2.24
1.3	3.34	2.57	1.8	3.93	2.18
1.4	3.46	2.47	1.9	4.03	2.12
1.5	3.58	2.39	2.0	4.14	2.07

图15 冲击波超压峰值在空间中的分布

Fig.15 Spatial distribution of peak overpressure of shock wave

图16 超压峰值形状因子在空间中的分布

Fig.16 Spatial distribution of peak overpressure shape factor

图17 形状因子随距离的变化情况

Fig.17 Variation of peak overpressure shape factor with distance

图18 超压峰值和超压峰值形状因子随等效半径与对比距离的分布

Fig.18 The distribution of peak overpressure and its shape factor with respect to equivalent radius and scaled distance

图19 数值计算结果与公式计算结果对比

Fig 19 Comparison of numerically simulated and calculated results

图20 数值计算结果与公式计算结果对比

Fig.20 Comparation of computated results and simulated results

图21 实验结果与公式计算结果对比

Fig.21 Comparation of experimental and computated results

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