聚乙烯醇原位包覆铝粉结构表征及活性铝含量测定

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对氧化铝外壳导致纳米铝粉反应活性下降的问题，尝试在电爆炸制备纳米铝粉的同时直接用聚乙烯醇(PVA)包覆。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、动态光散射激光粒度仪、X射线光电子能谱仪及同步热分析仪表征样品的表观形貌、粒度分布，表面元素价态以及热响应行为。依据有色金属行业标准YS/T 617.1—2007，分别对微米铝粉、纳米铝粉及原位包覆产物的燃烧热和活性铝含量进行测定。研究结果表明：PVA原位包覆铝粉具有多核结构，球形度良好；包覆样品活性铝含量达到84.27%，比纳米铝粉提高了22%，PVA包覆有效降低了氧化铝外壳的生长厚度；与微米铝粉相比，包覆样品氧化反应起始温度低（548.6 ℃），释能迅速；PVA原位包覆铝粉兼具高反应活性和快速释能效应，在含能材料中具有潜在的应用优势。

关键词: 铝粉, 聚乙烯醇, 包覆, 表征, 活性铝

Abstract: In order to solve the decrease in the reactivity of nano-aluminum powder due to the alumina shell on its surface, the nano-aluminum powders were directly encapsulated by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) during electrical explosion of wires. The apparent morphology of sample was detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the particle size distribution was characterized by dynamic laser light scattering particle size analyzer. The valence states of surface elements were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and the thermal behaviours of micrometer Al, nanometer Al and products were compared by simultaneous thermal analyzer. The combustion heat was measured according to relevant national military standards, and active Al content was measured using NaOH exhaust method. The results show that the average size of coated sample is nearly 200 nm, and the particles form a multi-core structure. The active Al content reaches 84.27% which is 22% higher than that of ordinary nano-Al particles. It was proved that PVA effectively relieves oxidation of nano-Al. The coated products have low onset temperature of oxidation (548.6 ℃) and can release energy more rapidly compared to micro-Al. The in-situ coated sub-micro Al has high active reactivity and quick energy release rate. Key

Key words: nano-Al, polyvinylalcohol, coating, characterization, activeAl

中图分类号:

王慧心，任慧，闫涛，李雅茹. 聚乙烯醇原位包覆铝粉结构表征及活性铝含量测定[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(7): 1373-1380.

WANG Huixin, REN Hui, YAN Tao, LI Yaru. Micro-structure and Active Aluminum Content of Aluminum Powder in Situ Coated by Polyvinyl Alcohol[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(7): 1373-1380.

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第40卷
第7期2019 年7月兵工学报ACTA
ARMAMENTARIIVol.40No.7Jul.2019

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