电爆炸引燃铝粉悬浮液物理特性和冲击波行为研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高功率电脉冲驱动水中纤细导体电爆炸伴随冲击波、等离子体和光辐射等物理效应,在水下爆炸实验室模拟和非常规油气绿色开发中应用价值显著。受限于电流集肤效应和电气绝缘,增大放电储能和负载质量并不能无限制地增加冲击波强度。为探索电爆炸复合铝粉悬浮液爆燃对冲击波的增强机制,采用铜丝电爆炸引燃粒径10μm和1μm的铝粉悬浮液,通过对瞬态电物理参数和高速图像的联合诊断,获取金属丝电爆炸引燃铝粉悬浮液的时空演化细节,研究液电击穿和电爆炸机制下铝粉悬浮液放电特性和点火机制,建立放电参数和冲击波特性之间的关联性。实验结果表明,铝粉悬浮液的电爆炸点火过程受到近场冲击波和等离子体光辐射联合作用,随后持续燃烧的铝粉向周围被压缩的水介质注入能量,从而增强了主冲击波的幅值、正压作用时间和总冲量。

关键词: 电爆炸, 等离子体, 冲击波, 铝粉悬浮液, 脉冲功率技术

Abstract:

Underwater electrical wire explosion driven by a high-power electric pulse is accompanied by physical effects such as shock wave, plasma and strong light radiation. Therefore, it has achieved remarkable results in the underwater explosion simulation and the exploition of unconventional oil and gas. Due to the skin effect and the limited electrical insulation of the equipment, it is often impossible to obtain the required shock wave by increasing the stored energy and load quality without limitation. In this paper, the underwater electrical explosion of copper wire is used to ignite the aluminum powder suspensions with particle sizes of 10μm and 1μm to find the mechanism of detonation of aluminum powder suspension to enhance shock wave. The details of space-time evolution of aluminum powder suspension ignited by the electrical explosion are obtained through the diagnosis of electrical physical parameters and high-speed backlight images. The discharge characteristics and ignition mechanism of aluminum powder suspension under electric-hydraulic breakdown and electrical explosion are studied, and the relationship between the stored energy and shock wave is established. It is found that the ignition of aluminum powder suspension by electrical wire explosion is a result of the joint action of near-field shock wave, plasma and strong light radiation, and then the continuously combusting aluminum powder injects energy into the surrounding compressed water layer, which enhances the amplitude, positive action time and impulse of shock wave.

Key words: electrical explosion, plasma, shock wave, aluminum powder suspension, pulsed power technology

中图分类号:

TM89

韩若愚, 袁伟, 李琛, 曹雨晨, 白洁. 电爆炸引燃铝粉悬浮液物理特性和冲击波行为研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3743-3754.

HAN Ruoyu, YUAN Wei, LI Chen, CAO Yuchen, BAI Jie. Study on Physical Characteristics and Shock Wave Behavior of Aluminum Powder Suspension Ignited by Electrical Wire Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3743-3754.

图/表 11

图1 实验装置

Fig.1 Experimental device

图2 实验负载示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental load

图3 电击穿铝粉悬浮液(粒径10μm)的典型放电波形

Fig.3 Representative electrical waveforms of electric breakdown Al powder suspension (particle size of 10μm)

图4 电击穿铝粉悬浮液(粒径10μm)的高速背光图像

Fig.4 Typical high-speed backlight images of electric breakdown Al powder suspension (particle size of 10μm)

图5 金属丝电爆炸驱动铝粉悬浮液的放电特性

Fig.5 Discharge characteristics of aluminum powder suspension driven by electrical wire explosion

表1 放电参数结果统计

Table 1 Statistics of discharge parameters

介质	电压峰值/kV	首次电流峰值/kA	二次电流峰值/kA	电阻峰值/Ω	功率峰值/MW	总沉积能量/J
纯水	25.9	11.5	11.2	2.7	255	259
10μm铝粉悬浮液	20.1	11.3	8.8	2.1	203	292
1μm铝粉悬浮液	25.4	11.2	11.3	2.8	239	271

图6 金属丝电爆炸(直径50μm)驱动铝粉悬浮液 (粒径10μm)的电参数和高速背光图像

Fig.6 Electrical parameters and high-speed backlight images of Al powder suspension (particle size of 10μm) driven by electrical wire explosion (diameter of 50μm)

图7 金属丝电爆炸(直径200μm)驱动铝粉悬浮液(粒径10μm)的高速背光图像

Fig.7 Typical high-speed backlight images of Al powder suspension (particle size of 10μm) driven by electrical wire explosion (diameter of 200μm)

图8 金属丝电爆炸(直径200μm)驱动铝粉悬浮液(粒径1μm)的高速背光图像

Fig.8 Typical high-speed backlight images of Al powder suspension (particle size of 1μm) driven by electrical wire explosion (diameter of 200μm)

图9 金属丝电爆炸驱动铝粉悬浮液(1μm)的冲击波行为

Fig.9 Pressure and impulse waveforms at different stored energy levels

表2 冲击波参数结果统计

Table 2 Statistics of shock wave parameters

有无铝粉	储能/J	峰值/MPa	冲量/(Pa·s)	能量/J
无	500	2.54	11.58	15.84
有	150	2.29	8.27	9.92
有	250	3.65	13.30	31.51
有	500	4.84	24.56	59.12
有	750	5.35	31.49	92.28

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