聚多巴胺包覆四孔发射药的结构与性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0283

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有球扁发射药的减面性燃烧、钝感剂迁移等突出问题,基于多巴胺(DA)在四孔发射药表面的自聚合反应获得聚多巴胺(PDA)包覆四孔发射药,利用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱研究其微观结构组成,采用热重分析仪、密闭爆发器等分析其热力学、燃烧等性能。研究结果表明:PDA能够较好地包覆于四孔发射药表面,且在四孔发射药表面团聚形成的颗粒尺寸可达5μm;PDA对四孔发射药的表面包覆作用显著提升了四孔发射药燃烧的渐增性,相比于原药,PDA包覆四孔发射药的初始活度L_i和最大活度L_m分别降低了42.05%和60.25%,渐增性系数提高了53.90%;经加速老化后PDA包覆四孔发射药的燃烧性能变化较小,55℃老化30d后其L_i和L_m仅分别升高了1.69%和0.59%,表明PDA包覆四孔发射药具有良好的长贮稳定性。

关键词: 四孔发射药, 聚多巴胺, 表面包覆, 燃烧性能

Abstract:

To address issues such as regressive burning and deterrent migration in oblate spherical propellants, we developed a novel four-hole gun propellant coated with polydopamine (PDA) through self-polymerization of dopamine (DA) on the propellant’s surface. The microstructure, thermodynamics, and combustion performance of the propellant were analyzed using scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and closed bomb vessel. The results show that PDA can be well coated on the propellant’s surface, and the particle size of PDA can reach 5μm. The surface coating effect of PDA on the propellant can significantly improve the incremental combustion of propellant, resulting in a 42.05% decrease in initial burning activity (L_i), a 60.25% decrease in maximum burning activity (L_m), and a 53.90% increase in burning progressivity index. After accelerated aging, the combustion performance of the PDA-coated four-hole gun propellant changed slightly. After accelerated aging at 55℃ for 30 days, the L_i and L_m only increased by 1.69% and 0.59%, respectively, indicating high long-storage stability for the PDA-coated four-hole gun propellant.

Key words: four-hole gun propellant, polydopamine, surface coating, combustion performance

崔立宝, 杨钊, 丁亚军, 周杰, 肖忠良. 聚多巴胺包覆四孔发射药的结构与性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 2014-2022.

CUI Libao, YANG Zhao, DING Yajun, ZHOU Jie, XIAO Zhongliang. Structure and Properties of Four-hole Polydopamine-coated Gun Propellant[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 2014-2022.

图/表 13

图1 PDA包覆四孔发射药制备示意图

Fig.1 Preparation of the PDA-coated four-hole gun propellant

表1 包覆条件

Table 1 Process conditions

编号	溶胀时间/h	DA质量/g	溶胀温度/℃	自聚合时间/h
SD-0	2	0	70	24
SDB-1	1	2.1	50	24
SDB-2	1	3.5	60	24
SDB-3	1	4.9	70	24
SDB-4	1.5	2.1	70	24
SDB-5	1.5	3.5	60	24
SDB-6	1.5	4.9	50	24
SDB-7	2	2.1	60	24
SDB-8	2	3.5	50	24
SDB-9	2	4.9	70	24

图2 原药和溶胀样的SEM图

Fig.2 SEM images of the original and swollen propellant

图3 包覆四孔发射药SEM图

Fig.3 SEM images of the PDA-coated four-hole gun propellant

图4 四孔发射药EDS谱图

Fig.4 EDS of the four-hole gun propellant

图5 四孔发射药表面元素含量结果

Fig.5 Results of surface element content of the four-hole gun propellant

图6 四孔发射药的拉曼光谱

Fig.6 Raman spectrogram of the four-hole gun propellant

图7 发射药的线扫拉曼光谱图

Fig.7 Line-sweep Raman spectrogram of the propellant

图8 四孔发射药的TG和DTG曲线

Fig.8 TG and DTG curves of the four-hole gun propellant

图9 四孔发射药燃烧性能

Fig.9 Combustion performance of the four-hole gun propellant

表2 四孔发射药燃烧参数

Table 2 Combustion parameters of the four-hole gun propellant

样品	L_i/(MPa^-1·s^-1)	L_m/(MPa^-1·s^-1)	B_m	P_i
原药	7.5456	9.5196	0.1290	0.2616
SDB-1	5.5884	7.3027	0.1941	0.3067
SDB-2	5.2228	6.7326	0.2120	0.2891
SDB-3	4.4859	6.2922	0.2657	0.4026
SDB-4	5.3216	6.6601	0.2152	0.2515
SDB-5	5.1429	6.4516	0.2269	0.2544
SDB-6	4.5090	5.9319	0.2623	0.3156
SDB-7	4.7831	6.7083	0.2200	0.4025
SDB-8	4.6578	6.4720	0.2635	0.3895
SDB-9	4.3728	5.9406	0.2894	0.3585

图10 老化后四孔发射药的燃烧性能

Fig.10 Combustion performance of the four-hole gun propellant after aging

表3 老化后四孔发射药燃烧性能参数

Table 3 Combustion parameters of the four-hole gun propellant after aging

样品	L_i/(MPa^-1·s^-1)	L_m/(MPa^-1·s^-1)	B_m	P_i
SDB-1	5.5884	7.3027	0.1941	0.3067
SDB-2	5.2228	6.7326	0.2120	0.2891
SDB-1老化	5.6828	7.3457	0.2157	0.2926
SDB-2老化	5.5372	7.1850	0.2482	0.2975

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