铝钨活性材料力学性能及侵彻特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0529

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究铝钨(Al/W)活性材料的力学性能以及对靶板的侵彻特性,利用模压烧结法制备了Al/W活性材料,并开展了准静态/动态压缩实验与Al/W活性破片侵彻钢靶弹道枪实验研究。实验获取了Al/W活性材料的力学性能及其侵彻特性,并基于一维冲击波理论给出了Al/W活性破片的弹道极限速度预测公式;结合Al/W活性破片侵彻钢靶的高速摄影图像,通过图像识别技术定性分析了Al/W活性破片在不同侵彻速度下的释能特性。结果表明:Al/W活性材料动态应力应变曲线呈现出弹塑性变形特征,并具有明显的应变率效应;Al/W活性破片侵彻靶板时通过化学反应释放大量能量,其释能强度与释能时间显著增强;同密度相近的钛(Ti)破片相比,高温效应显著增强了Al/W活性破片对靶板的毁伤能力。

关键词: Al/W活性材料, 力学性能, 释能特性, 弹道极限速度

Abstract:

In order to study the mechanical properties and penetration characteristics of aluminum/tungsten (Al/W) reactive materials, Al/W reactive materials specimens were prepared by compression molding and sintering, and quasi-static/dynamic compression experiments, and ballistic gun experiments of Al/W reactive fragment penetrating the steel target were conducted. The mechanical properties and penetration characteristics of Al/W reactive materials were obtained by experiments, and the formula for predicting the ballistic terminal velocity of Al/W reactive fragments was provided based on one-dimensional shock wave theory. Combined with the high-speed photographic images of Al/W reactive fragment penetrating the steel target, the energy release characteristics of Al/W reactive fragment at different penetration speeds are qualitatively analyzed by image recognition technology. The results show that, the dynamic stress-strain curves of Al/W reactive materials show elastic-plastic deformation characteristics and obvious strain rate effects. When Al/W reactive fragment penetrate the target plate, a large amount of energy is released through the chemical reaction, and the energy release intensity and time are significantly enhanced. Compared with titanium (Ti) fragments of similar density, the high-temperature effect significantly enhance the damage capability of Al/W reactive fragment against the target plate.

Key words: Al/W reactive material, mechanical property, energy release characteristics, ballistic limit velocity

张力中, 任会兰, 栗建桥, 李尉. 铝钨活性材料力学性能及侵彻特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250529-.

ZHANG Lizhong, REN Huilan, LI Jianqiao, LI Wei. The Mechanical Properties and Penetration Characteristics of Al/W Reactive Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250529-.

图/表 23

图1 Al/W活性材料制备

Fig.1 Al/W reactive material preparation

图2 Al/W活性材料烧结曲线

Fig.2 Sintering temperature curve of Al/W reactive materials

图3 Al/W活性材料微观形貌

Fig.3 Microstructure of Al/W reactive materials

图4 SHPB实验波形信号

Fig.4 Waveform signals of SHPB experiment

图5 弹道冲击试验示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of ballistic impact test

表1 破片性能参数

Table 1 Mechanical properties parameters of the fragment

材料	尺寸/ mm×mm	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	质量/ g	弹性模量/ GPa
Al/W	φ5×5	4950	0.49	2.07
Ti	φ5×5	4500	0.44	105

表2 靶板性能参数

Table 2 Mechanical properties parameters of the target plate

材料	尺寸/ mm×mm×mm	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	弹性模量/GPa
Q235钢	500×500×5	7850	206

图6 破片及弹体

Fig.6 Fragments and bullets

图7 实验场地布置

Fig.7 Experimental site layout

图8 不同应变率下Al/W活性材料应力应变曲线

Fig.8 Stress-strain curves of Al/W reactive materials at different strain rates

表3 Al/W活性材料的动态力学性能参数

Table 3 Dynamic mechanical properties of Al/W reactive materials

材料	应变率/s^-1	屈服强度/MPa	塑性硬化模量/MPa
	1190	135.5	302.1
Al/W	1580	162.0	156.6
	1890	165.9	148.7
	2540	186.7	-

表4 破片侵彻钢靶实验结果

Table 4 Experimental results of fragment penetrating steel target

破片类型	撞击速度/ (m·s^-1)	撞击动能/J	弹坑深度/mm	弹坑直径/mm
Al/W	535	69.6	0.38	5.21
Al/W	588	84.0	0.72	5.38
Al/W	678	111.7	0.97	5.63
Al/W	758	139.6	2.14	6.02
Al/W	1189	343.5	5.30	8.14
Al/W	1333	431.8	6.09	9.21
Al/W	1435	500.4	穿透	9.92
Al/W	1498	545.3	穿透	9.81
Al/W	1796	790.2	穿透	9.62
Ti	884	171.9	1.86	6.88
Ti	1136	283.9	2.66	8.04
Ti	1343	396.8	3.97	8.67
Ti	1630	584.5	4.84	8.90

图9 弹坑及穿孔形貌

Fig.9 Crater and penetration morphology

图10 1189m/s下的弹坑形貌

Fig.10 Crater morphology of 1189m/s

图11 不同动能下弹坑深度与直径变化

Fig.11 Variations in crater diameter and depth with kinetic energy

图12 破片撞击靶板示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of fragment impacting target plate

表5 计算参数

Table 5 Calculation parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
D_p/mm	5	D_t	1.9D_p
ρ_p/(kg·m^-3)	4950	ρ_t/(kg·m^-3)	4500
m_p/g	0.49	m_t/g	0.44
h_p/mm	5	h_t/mm	5
C_p/(m·s^-1)	646	C_t/(m·s^-1)	4569
s_p	1.28	s_t	1.49
G_t/GPa	77	ΔH/(kJ/g)	11.21
K_C/(MPa·m^0.5)	18.2	τ_ud/MPa	500

表6 计算结果与实验结果

Table 6 Calculation results and experimental results

数据来源	破片材料	弹道极限速度/(m·s^-1)
实验值	Al/W	1333~1435
计算值	Al/W	1355

图13 Al/W活性破片撞击钢靶高速摄影图像

Fig.13 High-speed photographic images of Al/W reactive fragment impacting on steel target

图14 Ti破片以1343m/s撞击钢靶高速摄影图像

Fig.14 High-speed photographic images of Ti fragment impacting on steel target at 1343m/s

图15 高速摄影图像处理(Al/W、1796m/s)

Fig.15 High-speed photographic image processing(Al/W、1796m/s)

图16 火光区域累计亮度变化

Fig.16 The cumulative brightness variation within the fire-illuminated region

图17 弹坑剖面微观形貌

Fig.17 Microstructure of crater profile

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